旨在探究山西老陈醋通过 JAK2/STAT3 通路减轻高脂饮食诱导大鼠肝损伤的作用机制。使用高脂乳剂灌胃大鼠5周，构建高脂血症模型；同时低、中、高剂量（按体质量计1.35、2.7、5.4 g/kg）山西老陈醋灌胃大鼠10周。血清学检测血清中总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽还原酶（GRx）、总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）、谷草转氨酶（AST）、谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、碱性磷酸酶（ALK-P）水平；HE染色检测肝脏病理学变化；q-PCR和WB检测肝脏中JAK2、STAT3 mRNA和蛋白水平表达；免疫组化技术定位分析。结果显示，不同剂量山西老陈醋均能够极显著降低脂质含量和肝损伤程度，提高抗氧化酶活性，极显著抑制JAK2、STAT3 mRNA和蛋白含量（P<0.01）；其中高剂量组TC、TG降低20.50%、48.65%，高、中剂量组对AST（32.79%、29.07%）、ALT（21.65%、20.67%）、ALK-P（19.42%、19.71%）效果最好；与低剂量组相比，高中剂量组JAK2（57.07%、34.02%）、STAT3（55.19%、41.45%）mRNA和JAK2（27.89%、24.09%）、STAT3（33.06%、26.64%）蛋白含量（极）显著降低（P<0.05，P<0.01）。综上，山西老陈醋减轻高脂饮食诱导大鼠的肝损伤的作用，可能是通过抑制JAK2/STAT3通路的活化来实现。

A hyperlipidemia rat model was used to explore the mechanism by which Shanxi aged vinegar reduces liver injury induced by a high-fat diet. The model involved intragastric administration of high-fat emulsion to rats for 5 weeks, whereas low, medium, and high doses (1.35, 2.7, 5.4 g/kg by body weight) of Shanxi aged vinegar were administered to the rats by gavage for 10 weeks. Serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GRx), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALK-P) levels were determined by serological testing. Pathological changes in the rat livers were examined using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. The mRNA and protein levels of JAK2 and STAT3 in the livers were detected using q-PCR and WB and immunohistochemical techniques were used for localization analysis.The results showed that Shanxi aged vinegar significantly reduced the serum lipid content and extent of liver injury in rats fed a high-fat diet (P<0.01), increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes, and significantly inhibited mRNA and protein levels of JAK2 and STAT3 in the rats (P<0.01). More specifically, serum TC and TG in the high-dose group was decreased by 20.50% and 48.65%, respectively, compared to the low-dose group. The high-dose and medium-dose groups showed the largest effects on AST (32.79% and 29.07%), ALT (21.65% and 20.67%) and ALK-P (19.42% and 19.71%). Compared with the low-dose group, the high-dose group had significantly lower mRNA levels of JAK2 (57.07%, 34.02%) and STAT3 (55.19%, 41.45%), and significantly lower protein levels of JAK2 (27.89%, 24.09%) and STAT3 (33.06%, 26.64%) (P<0.05, P<0.01, respectively). In conclusion, Shanxi aged vinegar attenuated liver injury induced by a high-fat diet in rats, and this may be achieved through inhibition of activation of the JAK2/STAT3 pathway.

山西省基础研究计划青年科学研究项目（20210302124240）；山西省农业科学院应用基础研究计划项目（YBSJJ2002）；国家自然科学基金项目（31872532 ；32273089）；山西省自然科学基金面上项目（20210302123422）；山西省重点研发计划项目（202102140601017）；山西省现代农业产业技术体系（果树）建设专项资金（SXFRS-2022）