乳品是人类重要的营养源，然而乳品掺假现象时常发生，近年来尤以向乳品中掺假动、植物蛋白，向特色畜乳中掺假牛乳等方式为主，这不仅损害了消费者的利益，甚至会危害消费者的健康。该研究总结了目前常见的掺假行为及相关检测方法，并介绍了蛋白质组学技术——一种通过确立特定生物标记物来区别不同物种乳的技术。作者查询了国内外近十年来牛乳和特色乳掺假方面的研究报道，关键词设置为“蛋白质组学”、“乳品”、“真实性”、“生物标记物”等，按照奶畜乳类别将所得文献进行分类。分别对奶牛乳、羊乳、驼乳、水牛乳、牦牛乳、驴乳的掺假物、潜在标记物和检出限等方面进行了总结和分析，以期为乳品真实性鉴定和保障乳品质量安全提供有效的工作思路。

Dairy is a major nutrition source for human beings, but adulteration of dairy products often occurs. In recent years, Adulteration of dairy products with animal and plant proteins and adulteration of special livestock milk with cow milk are the main adulteration methods, which harms not only the interest of consumers but also endangers their health. This article summarizes current common adulteration behaviors and associated detection methods, and introduces proteomics technique, a technique for distinguishing milks from different species through establishing specific biomarkers. The authors searched for the domestic and overseas research reports on bovine milk and specialty milk adulteration in the past decade, with the keyword set as "proteomics", "dairy", "authenticity", "biomarkers", etc., according to the categories of animal milks. The adulterants, potential markers, and detection of limits of cow milk, goat milk, camel milk, buffalo milk, yak milk, and donkey milk were summarized and analyzed respectively, to provide effective working ideas for verifying dairy authenticity and ensuring the quality and safety of dairy products.

中央引导地方科技发展专项资金（YDZX2021111）；青岛市科技惠民示范引导专项（21-1-4-ny-17-nsh）；山东省重点研发计划（公益类科技攻关）（2019GNC106024）；烟台市校地融合发展项目（2021XDRHXMQT34）；国家农产品质量安全风险评估项目（GJFP2019027）；山东省自然基金面上项目（ZR2020MC209）