探究藜麦麸皮总皂苷的体外抗氧化活性；建立SD大鼠非酒精性脂肪肝（Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease，NAFLD）模型，经藜麦麸皮总皂苷干预后，通过肝脏油红染色和检测肝脏胆固醇（Total Cholesterol，TC）、甘油三酯（Triglyceride，TG）以及血清谷丙转氨酶（Alanine Aminotransferase，ALT）、谷草转氨酶（Aspartate Aminotransferase，AST）、丙二醛（Malondialdehyde，MDA）和还原性谷胱甘肽（Glutathione，GSH），探究对脂质堆积和氧化损伤的影响。采用超高效液相色谱-质谱（Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry，UPLC-MS）对尿液代谢物进行代谢组学分析，揭示皂苷预防NAFLD的机理。体外结果表明，皂苷质量浓度为0.1~10 mg/mL时，DPPH自由基清除能力和总还原力分别最高可达86.25%和0.49；动物实验表明，藜麦麸皮总皂苷有效减少肝脏脂质堆积，降低肝脏TC、TG和血清ALT、AST与MDA（P<0.05），升高GSH（P<0.05）；尿液代谢物谱发生明显变化，主要改善了甘氨酸和丝氨酸代谢和甜菜碱代谢等通路。综上，藜麦麸皮总皂苷具有良好的体外抗氧化活性；对高脂饮食诱导的NAFLD有显著的降脂护肝作用，可能与通过调节内源性代谢物，改善多条代谢途径有关。

The in vitro antioxidant activity of total saponins from quinoa husks was explored. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) was induced in male SD rats by providing a high-fat diet, and the effects of different doses of crude saponins from husks on hepatic pathology, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione (GSH) were investigated. The mechanisms of quinoa saponins in preventing NAFLD were revealed by metabolomics studies of urine and liver using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). The results showed that DPPH radical scavenging capacity and ferric ion reducing power of quinoa crude saponins was 86.25% and 0.49, respectively with administration of 0.1~10 mg/mL crude saponin. Animal experiments showed that liver lipids were significantly reduced by supplementation with quinoa crude saponins. TC, TG, ALT, AST, and MDA levels were significantly reduced (P<0.05), and GSH increased (P<0.05). The urine and liver metabolite profiles were altered by quinoa saponins, leading to changes in metabolic pathways, including those associated with glycine and serine metabolism as well as betaine metabolism. In summary, quinoa husk saponins demonstrated notable antioxidant activity in vitro, and significantly reduced hepatic lipid accumulation and antioxidative stress induced by a high-fat diet, suggesting a potential correlation with improvement in multiple metabolic pathways via endogenous metabolite regulation.

国家自然科学基金项目（32102106）；泰山学者工程专项经费资助（tsqn202211232）；“山东省高等学校青创科技计划”创新团队（2022KJ343）