该研究以黑米花青素提取物（BRE）为研究对象，研究其对高脂膳食小鼠的脂代谢及肠道菌群的调节作用。通过开展动物实验，分别将茶多酚和低、中及高剂量黑米花青素加入高脂饲料中喂养小鼠，试验周期为8周。通过检测小鼠血清中总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL）及高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL）的含量，结合肝脏基因转录组测序探究黑米花青素改善脂代谢的途径。最后对小鼠盲肠内容物进行16S测序，分析菌群组成及丰度变化。研究发现，与高脂膳食组相比，高剂量黑米花青素组血清中TG、LDL及TC水平分别降低了42.33%、22.28%和11.13%，HDL则提高了30.86%。黑米花青素干预对高脂膳食饲喂小鼠肝脏脂代谢相关基因的mRNA表达水平也有较显著的影响。此外，罗姆布茨菌属（Romboutsia）、毛茛菌属（Muribaculacea）和苏黎世杆菌（Turicibacter）的相对丰度分别降低了56.40%、64.29%和53.53%。而阿克曼氏菌属（Akkermannia）、瘤胃球菌科（Rumefaciens）和乳杆菌属（Lactobacillus）等菌的相对丰度分别增加了53.29%、51.87%和23.80%。该研究为黑米花青素改善高血脂症等代谢疾病提供了重要依据。

The effects of black rice anthocyanin extract (BRE) on the regulation of lipid metabolism and intestinal flora in mice fed a high-fat diet were investigated. In animal experiments, tea polyphenols and low, medium, and high doses of black rice anthocyanin were added to high-fat diets and fed to mice for 8 weeks. Serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels were measured in the mice, and hepatic gene transcriptome sequencing was used to investigate the mechanisms through which black rice anthocyanin improved lipid metabolism. Finally, 16S sequencing of mouse cecum contents was performed to examine the changes in composition and abundance of intestinal flora. It was found that the serum TG, LDL, and TC levels were reduced by 42.33%, 22.28%, and 11.13%, respectively, whereas HDL levels increased by 30.86% in the high-dose black rice anthocyanin group compared to the high-fat diet group. Black rice anthocyanin intervention also had a significant effect on the mRNA expression levels of genes associated with hepatic lipid metabolism in high-fat diet-fed mice. In addition, the relative abundance of Romboutsia, Muribaculaceae, and Turicibacter was reduced by 56.40%, 64.29%, and 53.53%, respectively. In contrast, the relative abundance of bacteria such as Akkermansia, Rumefaciens, and Lactobacillus increased. This study establishes a crucial foundation for understanding the potential of black rice anthocyanins in ameliorating metabolic diseases such as hyperlipidemia.

国家自然科学基金项目（31771974）