该研究探讨了茯苓多糖对高脂饲料喂养的营养性肥胖幼鼠的降脂及肠道菌群调节作用。将幼鼠（3周龄）随机分成正常对照组、模型组、茯苓多糖低、中、高剂量组（50、100、200 mg/kg），每组10只。正常对照组给予普通饲料喂养，其他各组均给予高脂饲料喂养构建营养性肥胖大鼠模型，造模成功后给予茯苓多糖灌胃，1次/d，4周后进行检测。结果显示，200 mg/kg茯苓多糖干预可显著减轻营养性肥胖大鼠体质量（16.31%）及肝脏中脂肪堆积（P<0.05），降低脂肪系数（59.88%）、Lee’s指数（13.10%）及血清中TC（45.17%）、TG（45.76%）、和LDL-C（57.14%）水平，提高HDL-C（56.16%）水平，同时提高普雷沃菌属（Prevotella）（93.33%）、拟杆菌属（Bacteroides）（159.26%）、萨特氏菌属（Sutterella）（88.70%）相对丰度及肠道菌群多样性（P<0.05），降低厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）/拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）比值（67.01%）及摩根氏菌属（Morganella）相对丰度（37.37%），然而茯苓多糖对营养性肥胖大鼠日均摄食量无显著影响（P>0.05）。因此，茯苓多糖可通过降低血脂、调节肠道菌群结构和增加肠道菌群多样性改善高脂饮食诱导的大鼠营养性肥胖。

The lipid-lowering and gut microbiota regulatory effects of polysaccharides extracted from Poria cocos on young rats with nutritional adiposity were investigated. Three-week-old rats, fed with a high-fat diet, were randomly divided into the control, model, and low-, medium-, and high-dose polysaccharide-treatment (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) groups (n=10/group). The control group was fed a standard diet, whereas all other groups were fed a high-fat diet to establish nutritional adiposity. Following successful model establishment, the rats are administered P. cocos polysaccharides via oral gavage once per day and were assessed 4 weeks later. The results show that the administration of 200 mg/kg P. cocos polysaccharides significantly reduced the body weight (16.31%) and fat accumulation in the liver (P<0.05); as well as fat coefficient (59.88%); Lee’s index (13.10%); and serum TC (45.17%), TG (45.76%), and LDL-C (57.14%) levels. In particular, administration of 200 mg/kg P. cocos polysaccharides significantly increased the HDL-C level (56.16%), relative abundance of Prevotella (93.33%), Bacteroides (159.26%), and Sutterella (88.70%) as well as the diversity of gut microbiota (P<0.05). Meanwhile, the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio (67.01%) and relative abundance of Morganella (37.37%) decreased remarkably. However, P. cocos polysaccharides elicited no noticeable effects on the daily food intake of rats with nutritional adiposity (P>0.05). Thus, P. cocos polysaccharides can improve the nutritional adiposity of rats fed a high-fat diet by regulating the composition of gut microbiota, increasing the diversity of gut microbiota, and reducing serum lipid levels.

海南省基础与应用基础研究计划（自然科学领域）高层次人才项目（2019RC390）