基于气象色谱-质谱联用（Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry，GC-MS）对广东省龙川市和连山市种植的“19香”乳熟期籽粒胚乳的挥发性代谢物进行代谢组学分析，结合转录组技术挖掘香气物质形成的相关基因，探讨产地对香稻香气物质形成的影响。通过主成分分析（Principal Component Analysis，PCA）、偏最小二乘法判别分析（Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis，PLS-DA）对原始数据进行多元统计分析。结果表明，“19香”异地种植后其挥发性物质含量发生变化，其中有14个香气物质的相对含量达显著差异。通过KEGG富集分析发现次级代谢物的生物合成对香气物质含量具有显著影响。在转录水平上以连山组为对照，龙川组样本有56个显著上调表达基因和89个下调表达基因，且主要参与有机物的分解代谢和多糖代谢等生物进程，差异表达基因发挥着糖基键的水解酶活性和氧化还原酶活性等分子功能，此外类胡萝卜素合成途径为显著富集通路。综上所述，不同种植环境对香稻的香气物质含量影响较大，其中乳熟期糖类代谢活动、胁迫应答相关机制可能是种植环境中调控香气物质含量的关键因子。

Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), a metabolomic analysis of volatile metabolites of "19 Xiang" milk-ripe stage endosperm grains grown in Longchuan City and Lianshan City, Guangdong Province was conducted. The effect of origin on the formation of aroma compounds in aromatic rice was also explored by identifying the genes related to the formation of aroma compounds using transcriptome technology. Multivariate statistical analysis was performed on the original data using principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). The results showed that the content of volatile substances in "19 Xiang" varied among grains planted in different places, exhibiting significant differences in the relative contents of 14 aroma substances. KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that the biosynthetic pathways of secondary metabolites significantly affected on the content of aroma substances. At the transcriptional level, taking the Lianshan group as the control, the samples of the Longchuan group had 56 significantly upregulated genes and 89 downregulated genes, which were mainly associated with biological processes such as catabolism of organic matter and polysaccharide metabolism. In conclusion, different planting environments greatly influence the content of aroma substances in aromatic rice, and carbohydrate metabolism activities and stress response-related mechanisms at the milking stage may be crucial factors regulating the content of aroma substances in the planting environment.

广东省重点领域研发计划项目（2020B0202090003；2020B020225004）；广东省农业科学院水稻研究所优谷计划项目（2021YG09）；广东省水稻育种新技术重点实验室（2020B1212060047）