该研究以湘红薹1号红菜薹（XHT1H，R）和义农50天菜心（YN50T，G）为研究对象，采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱（UPLC-MS/MS）技术对2种菜薹类黄酮类物质进行检测，并采用主成分分析、热图分析和正交偏最小二乘-判别分析等方法对红菜薹和菜心代谢组学进行分析，筛选差异代谢物。主成分分析发现，两种菜薹化合物含量的分布具有明显差异。正交偏最小二乘-判别分析结果表明，两种菜薹中共鉴定到170种差异类黄酮类代谢物，包括56种黄酮醇类、38种花青素类、32种黄酮类等代谢物。其中，花青素中包括25种矢车菊素类糖苷，6种飞燕草素糖苷，3种芍药花素苷，3种牵牛花素苷，且红菜薹比菜心中含量高的差异倍数前十的代谢物中，有6种为矢车菊素。该研究从代谢组学角度分析了不同菜薹类黄酮成分差异，推测矢车菊素、飞燕草素、芍药花素和牵牛花素与红菜薹的色泽有关，其结果为进一步研究菜薹茎部色泽的形成机制和色素的利用提供参考。

This study aimed to comparatively analyze the flavonoid contents of the purple-colored cultivar Xianghongtai No. 1 (XHT1H, R) and the green-colored cultivar Yinong 50 tian Caixin (YN50T, G). The flavonoid compounds were separated and identified by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Principal component analysis (PCA), hierarchical cluster analysis, and orthogonal partial least partial-least squares discrimination analysis (OPLS-DA) were used to analyze metabolomics data and screen for differential metabolites in Hong Caitai and Caixin. PCA revealed significant differences in the flavonoid compound contents between the two varieties. OPLS-DA identified 170 different flavonoid metabolites, including 56 flavonols, 38 anthocyanidins, and 32 flavones. The anthocyanins included 25 cyanidin glycosides, six delphinidin glycosides, three peonidin glycosides, and three petunidin glycosides. Additionally, six of the top ten metabolites with higher content in Hong Caitai than in Caixin were cyanidins. Based on the differential flavonoids profiles of the two varieties, cyanidin, delphinidin, peonidin, and petunidin were associated with the pigmentation in Hong Caitai. These results provide a reference for further study of the mechanism of stem color formation and pigment utilization in Caitai.

广州市科技计划项目（202102020442）；广东省基础与应用基础研究基金项目（2020A1515110377）；广东省农业科学院创新基金项目（202108）；广东省蔬菜新技术重点实验室开放基金（201907)；国家科技部外专局项目（QN2022030025L）；广东省农业厅项目（粤财农[2022] 184号)