马铃薯糖苷生物碱合成及光调控研究进展

Progress in the Synthesis and Photoregulation of Potato Glycoside Alkaloids

摘要:

糖苷生物碱(GAs)作为马铃薯中天然存在的次生代谢产物,既能帮助植物抵昆虫及微生物的侵害,又因其广泛药理学活性应用于医药研究,但高含量的糖苷生物碱又会对人类生命健康造成威胁。GAs生物合成起始于乙酰辅酶A,其中胆固醇是重要合成中间体,胆固醇通过一些羟基化、氧化、转氨化和糖基化反应最终合成GAs。糖苷生物碱合成受到遗传、栽培与储存方式以及环境因素的影响,光是调节植物生长发育过程的重要环境信号,糖苷生物碱的生物合成亦会受到光信号调节,光照会诱导其含量显著提高。此外,植物激素也作为影响光响应的内源信号也参与到了GAs生物合成途径中。本文从马铃薯糖苷生物碱的特性、生物合成途径、光调控机制以及提取与检测方法等方面进行综述,以进一步加深对糖苷生物碱的认识,完善糖苷生物碱的分子调控机制。

Abstract:

As a naturally occurring secondary metabolite in potatoes, glycoside alkaloids (GAs) can not only help plants resist insects and microorganisms, but also be used in medical research because of their extensive pharmacological activities, but high content of glycoside alkaloids will pose a threat to human life and health. GAs biosynthesis begins with acetyl-CoA, where cholesterol is an important synthesis intermediate and cholesterol is synthesized through some hydroxylation, oxidation, transamination, and glycosylation reactions. Glycoside alkaloid synthesis is affected by genetics, cultivation and storage methods, as well as environmental factors, light is an important environmental signal to regulate the growth and development process of plants, and the biosynthesis of glycoside alkaloids is also regulated by light signals, and light will induce a significant increase in its content. In addition, plant hormones are also involved in the GAs biosynthesis pathway as endogenous signals that affect light response. In this paper, the characteristics, biosynthetic pathways, photoregulatory mechanisms, extraction and detection methods of potato glycoside alkaloids are reviewed to further deepen the understanding of glycoside alkaloids and improve the molecular regulation mechanism of glycoside alkaloids.