藤茶黄酮对阿尔兹海默症作用机制的研究进展

Research Progress on the Mechanism of Flavonoids from Ampelopsis grossedentata on Alzheimer’s Disease

摘要:

阿尔兹海默症（Alzheimer’s Disease，AD）是一种以记忆障碍为临床特征，进行性发展的神经系统退行性疾病，现已成为严重危害全世界人类健康的重大疾病。目前，被批准治疗的药物也无法治愈AD，且存在毒副作用。因此，天然存在的、副作用小的、具有神经保护作用的植物源性化合物成为了研究热点。藤茶，富含多种活性物质，其主要成份黄酮类物质，包括二氢杨梅素（Dihydromyricetin，DMY）、杨梅素（Myricetin，MYR）、杨梅苷等，具有抗氧化、抗炎、神经保护等多种功能。近年来，发现藤茶黄酮在AD的防治中具有广阔的应用前景，但其作用机制比较复杂。该研究从抗β淀粉样蛋白沉积、抗氧化、抗炎以及抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶活性作用出发，阐述藤茶黄酮改善AD的作用机制，以期为其在功能性食品及保健品领域的开发和综合应用提供理论支持。

Abstract:

Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive memory impairments, has emerged as a serious threat to human health worldwide. Currently, the approved medicines for AD fail to provide a definitive cure, while concurrently exhibiting toxic side effects. Compounds derived from natural plants with minimal side effects and neuroprotective effects have therefore become a research hotspot. Ampelopsis grossedentata is rich in a variety of active substances such as flavonoids. Its main ingredients include dihydromyricetin, myricetin, and myricitrin, among others, which have been shown to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective abilities. Recent studies have shown that the flavonoids have broad application prospects in the prevention and treatment of AD; however, the associated mechanisms are relatively complex. This review explores the mechanisms of flavonoids derived from A. grossedentata focusing on their effects against amyloid β protein deposition, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions, and inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity, aiming to provide a theoretical support for its development and extensive application in the field of functional food and health products.