摘 要：旨在探究山西老陈醋通过JAK2/STAT3通路减轻高脂饮食诱导大鼠肝损伤的作用机制。使用高脂乳剂灌胃大鼠5周，构建高脂血症模型；同时低、中、高剂量（按体质量计1.35 g/kg、2.7 g/kg、5.4 g/kg）山西老陈醋灌胃大鼠10周。血清学检测血清中总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽还原酶（GRx）、总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）、谷草转氨酶（AST）、谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、碱性磷酸酶（ALK-P）水平；HE染色检测肝脏病理学变化；q-PCR和WB检测肝脏中JAK2、STAT3 mRNA和蛋白水平表达；免疫组化技术定位分析。结果显示，不同剂量山西老陈醋均能够极显著降低脂质含量和肝损伤程度，提高抗氧化酶活性，极显著抑制JAK2、STAT3 mRNA和蛋白含量（P<0.01）；其中高剂量组TC、TG降低20.50%、48.65%，高、中剂量组对AST（32.79%、29.07%）、ALT（21.65%、20.67%）、ALK-P（19.42%、19.71%）效果最好；与低剂量组相比，高中剂量组JAK2（57.07%、34.02%）、STAT3（55.19%、41.45%） mRNA和JAK2（27.89%、24.09%）、STAT3（33.06%、26.64%） 蛋白含量（极）显著降低（P<0.05，P<0.01）。综上，山西老陈醋减轻高脂饮食诱导大鼠的肝损伤的作用，可能是通过抑制JAK2/STAT3通路的活化来实现。

Abstract To explore the mechanism of Shanxi aged vinegar in reducing liver injury induced by high-fat diet in rats through JAK2/STAT3 pathway. The hyperlipidemia model was established by intragastric administration of high-fat emulsion for 5 weeks. At the same time, low, medium and high doses (1.35 g/kg, 2.7 g/kg, 5.4 g/kg by body weight) of Shanxi aged vinegar were given to the rats by gavage for 10 weeks. Serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GRx), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALK-P) levels were detected by serological test. HE staining was used to detect the pathological changes of liver. The mRNA and protein levels of JAK2 and STAT3 in liver were detected by q-PCR and WB. Immunohistochemical technique was used for localization analysis. The results showed that different doses of Shanxi aged vinegar could significantly reduce the lipid content and the degree of liver injury, increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes, and significantly inhibit the mRNA and protein contents of JAK2 and STAT3 (P<0.01); Among them, TC and TG in the high-dose group decreased by 20.50% and 48.65%, and AST (32.79% and 29.07%), ALT (21.65% and 20.67%), ALK-P (19.42% and 19.71%) in the high-dose and medium-dose groups were the best. Compared with the low dose group, the mRNA levels of JAK2 (57.07%, 34.02%) and STAT3 (55.19%, 41.45%) and the protein levels of JAK2 (27.89%, 24.09%) and STAT3 (33.06%, 26.64%) in the high dose group were significantly decreased (P<0.05，P<0.01). In conclusion, Shanxi aged vinegar can reduce liver injury induced by high-fat diet in rats, which may be achieved by inhibiting the activation of JAK2/STAT3 pathway.

山西省基础研究计划青年科学研究项目（20210302124240）；山西省农业科学院应用基础研究计划（YBSJJ2002）；国家自然科学基金（31872532，32273089）；山西省自然科学基金项目（面上）（20210302123422）；山西省重点研发计划项目（202102140601017）；山西省现代农业产业技术体系（果树）建设专项资金（SXFRS-2022）。