该研究旨在探究所构建的广西长寿饮食模式对人体肠道菌群的具体影响。14名志愿者被筛选并要求其高依从地遵循广西长寿饮食模式2周，在干预前后采集志愿者粪便样品并进行16S rDNA高通量测序。结果表明：饮食干预后志愿者肠道菌群多样性从多个层面发生了变化。在门水平上，TM7相对丰度显著降低（由0.05%降低至0.01%），变形菌门（Proteobacteria）相对丰度、厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）与拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）比值的相对丰度也有所降低。在属水平上，粪球菌属（Coprococcus）相对丰度显著升高（由1.04%增至1.39%），而埃希菌属（Escherichia，由14.00%降至9.62%）、瘤胃球菌属（Ruminococcus，由5.67%降至2.48%）和巨单胞菌属（Megamonas，由4.06%降至0.04%）相对丰度显著降低。通过冗余分析表明肠道菌群的变化与每日摄入食物种类密切相关，其中蔬菜的每日平均摄入量与其相关性最高（r2=0.89，p<0.01）。该研究结果证明广西长寿饮食模式可有效调节人体肠道菌群结构，降低肠道内部分有害菌的丰度，对维持机体健康状态具有积极作用，也为从肠道菌群的角度揭示通过饮食调控机体健康长寿的成效机制提供了参考依据。

The effects of the established life-prolonging diet on human gut microbiota in Guangxi were investigated in this study. A total of 14 volunteers were screened and required to follow this diet for two weeks with high levels of compliance. Fecal samples were collected before and after the dietary intervention and analyzed using 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing. The results show that the gut microbiota diversity of volunteers changed in multiple respects after the dietary intervention. At the phylum level, the relative abundance of TM7 significantly decreased (from 0.05% to 0.01%), and the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes also decreased. At the genus level, the relative abundance of Coprococcus increased significantly (from 1.04% to 1.39%), while the relative abundance of Escherichia (from 14.00% to 9.62%), Ruminococcus (from 5.67% to 2.48%), and Megamonas (from 4.06% to 0.04%) significantly decreased. Redundancy analysis indicated that changes in the gut microbiota were closely related to daily food consumption, with the average daily intake of vegetables being the most relevant (r2=0.89, p<0.01). The above results prove that the structure of human gut microbiota in Guangxi could be effectively regulated by the life-prolonging diet. Furthermore, the abundance of certain harmful bacteria in the intestinal tract was reduced, which has a positive effect on maintaining a healthy body. These results provide a reference for revealing an effective mechanism for regulating health and longevity through diet in terms of gut microbiota.

国家自然科学基金面上项目（31871802）；广西中青年教师基础能力提升项目（2017KY0978）