为明确西瓜中残留农药的种类、残留风险水平及最大残留限量建议值，该研究以2018年和2019年山东、新疆、海南、广西4省422份西瓜样品为研究对象，开展了60种农药残留的定量分析，进而通过急慢性膳食摄入风险、风险排序、农药最大残留限量估计值等，对残留农药膳食风险、风险相对较高残留农药种类、最大残留限量进行了分析与探讨。结果显示：残留农药共18种，其中嘧霉胺、多菌灵、啶虫脒、烯酰吗啉残留样品所占比例相对较高，分别为18.25%、16.59%、14.22%、13.27%；残留农药的%ADI和%ARfD值分别处于0.0000%~0.0112%和0.1191%~39.7521%之间，远小于100%；甲维盐、哒螨灵、三唑磷3种农药的风险得分分别为24.02、24.02、24.12，风险相对较高；9种残留农药尚未制定最大残留限量，8种符合制定最大残留限量的要求，其中吡虫啉和三唑磷残留兼具风险相对较高，且无最大残留限量的特点，最大残留建议值依次为1、0.02 mg/kg。综合以上分析：样品存在农药残留，但其残留膳食风险均处安全水平，建议加快制定西瓜中吡虫啉和三唑磷的最大残留限量。

To clarify the types, residual risk levels and recommended maximum residue limit of pesticide residues in watermelon, 422 watermelon samples obtained from Shandong, Xinjiang, Hainan and Guangxi in 2018 and 2019 were taken as the research objects for quantitative analysis of 60 kinds of pesticide residues. Then, the dietary risks of residual pesticides, types of residual pesticides with relatively high risks, and the maximum residue limits were analyzed and discussed based on assessments of acute and chronic dietary intake risks, risk ranking and estimated maximum residue limits of pesticides. The results showed that there were a total of 18 kinds of pesticide residues, and among which pyrimethanil, carbendazim, acetamiprid and dimethomorph had relatively high proportions (18.25%, 16.59%, 14.22% and 13.27%, respectively); the %ADI and %ARfD of pesticide residues ranged in 0.0000%~0.0112% and 0.1191%~39.7521%, respectively (which were much lower than 100%); The three pesticides, emamectin benzoate, pyridaben, triazophos, had relatively high risk scores (which were 24.02, 24.02 and 24.12, respectively); the maximum residue limits of 9 kinds of residual pesticides have not yet been established, and 8 pesticides met the established maximum residue limits. Among which, imidacloprid and triazophos residues exhibited relatively high residue risks and had no maximum residue limits, and their recommended maximum residue values were 1 and 0.02 mg•kg-1, respectively. The above analyses revealed that there were pesticides residues in the samples, but the residual dietary risks were within the safety limits. It is recommended to speed up the establishment of maximum residue limits for imidacloprid and triazophos in watermelon.

财政部和农业农村部：国家现代农业产业技术体系资助（CARS-25）；农产品质量安全与优质化业务技术委托任务（CSQA-2020-05-13）；新疆维吾尔自治区天山雪松计划项目（2017XS07）；新疆特色果品中多种农药残留检测技术研究（201517106）