以反溶剂法制备负载单宁酸的玉米醇溶蛋白纳米颗粒（Tannic acid loaded zein nanoparticles，TZP），将TZP分散液按1:2体积比分散至pH 4.0的多糖溶液，研究带有不同表面电荷数的阴离子多糖海藻酸丙二醇酯（Propylene glycol alginate，PGA）、阿拉伯胶（gum Arabic，GA）、高酯果胶（High methoxy pectin，HMP）、低酯果胶（lowmethoxy pectin，LMP）对纳米颗粒稳定性的影响。结果表明，低浓度多糖使得颗粒表面电荷降低，导致纳米颗粒沉淀，其中PGA、GA、HMP稳定颗粒所需的最低浓度为0.055%（m/V），而LMP所需的最低浓度为0.022%（m/V）。TZP/多糖复合纳米颗粒随pH和NaCl稳定性的变化是由阴离子多糖的ζ-电位导致，电位较低的GA在pH 2.0、6.0、6.5及低浓度NaCl浓度时均会导致纳米颗粒沉淀，而电位最强的LMP在pH 2.0~8.0范围内均能够稳定纳米颗粒，在氯化钠浓度为30 mmol/L时颗粒发生沉淀。经冷冻干燥，TZP/LMP纳米颗粒得率可达95.10%，此时单宁酸负载率为88.97%，单宁酸含量为5.39%。该研究表明玉米醇溶蛋白/低酯果胶纳米颗粒可用于亲水性生物活性物质的包埋与输送，可望用于保健食品及医药行业。

Tannic acid-loaded zein nanoparticles (TZP) were fabricated by the anti-solvent method, and the TZP dispersion was dispersed into a polysaccharide solution with a pH of 4.0 at a volume ratio of 1:2. The effects of different anion-charged polysaccharides (propylene glycol alginate, PGA; gum Arabic, GA; high-methoxyl pectin, HMP; low-methoxyl pectin, LMP) on the stability of TZP were investigated. The results showed that the polysaccharide at a low concentration decreased the surface charge of particles, causing the precipitation of nanoparticles, with the minimum concentration required to stabilize the particles being 0.055% (m/V) for PGA, GA and HMP, and 0.022% (m/V) for LMP. The changes in the stability of TZP/polysaccharide composite nanoparticles with pH or NaCl were associated with the ζ-potential of anionic polysaccharides. GA with a lower potential led to the precipitation of nanoparticles at pH 2.0, 6.0 or 6.5 and a low NaCl concentration, whereas, LMP with the highest potential stabilized the nanoparticles in the pH range of 2.0~8.0, with the particles precipitating at a sodium chloride concentration of 30 mmol/L. After freeze-drying, the yield of TZP/LMP nanoparticles reached 95.10% with the tannic acid loading rate as 88.97% and tannic acid content as 5.39%. The research showed that zein/LMP nanoparticles could be used for encapsulating and delivering hydrophilic bioactive compounds, which are expected to be used in the functional food or pharmaceutical industries.

国家自然科学基金项目（31771920）