该研究旨在探究富硒红曲米对高脂饮食小鼠脂代谢和肠道菌群的影响。选用48只C57BL/6J小鼠随机分为6组（n=8）：正常饮食组、高脂饮食组、富硒红曲米的低、中、高剂量组和红曲米组。灌胃8周后，测定血清中总甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）含量，对肝脏组织和脂肪状态进行镜检，并采用16S rRNA高通量测序技术分析肠道菌群。研究发现，与高脂饮食组相比，富硒红曲米高剂量组的血脂水平、肝脏脂肪堆积和肠道菌群有显著改善，其中血清TG、TC和LDL-C水平分别显著降低了26.97%、24.43%、49.03%，HDL-C水平显著增加了95.71%；肠道菌群的物种丰富度和多样性明显增加，肠道菌群结构显著改善，其中厚壁菌门（与血脂水平呈正相关）的相对丰度降低了39.26%，疣微菌门和艾克曼菌属（与血脂水平呈负相关）的相对丰度分别增加了36.09%、36.93%。相较于红曲米组，富硒红曲米高剂量组的LDL-C水平显著降低了42.31%，此外，厚壁菌门减少了26.10%，疣微菌门和艾克曼菌属的相对丰度分别增加了46.59%、44.01%。研究表明，与红曲米相比，富硒红曲米对高脂饮食诱导的小鼠脂代谢紊乱和肠道菌群失调具有显著的改善效果。

The effects of selenium-enriched red yeast rice on lipid metabolism and intestinal flora in mice fed a high-fat diet were investigated. Forty-eight C57BL/6J mice were divided randomly into six groups (n=8 each): a common diet group; high-fat diet group; low-, medium-, and high-dose selenium-enriched red yeast rice group; and red yeast rice group. After gavage for 8 weeks, the serum total triglyceride, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) contents were determined. The liver tissue and fat status were examined using a microscope, and intestinal flora were analyzed using 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing. Compared to the high-fat diet group, the high-dose selenium-enriched red yeast rice group showed significantly improved blood lipid levels, liver fat accumulation, and intestinal flora. Serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, and LDL-C levels were significantly reduced by 26.97%, 24.43%, and 49.03%, respectively, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were significantly increased by 95.71%. Additionally, the species richness and diversity of the intestinal flora were significantly increased, and the structure of the intestinal flora was significantly improved. The relative abundance of Firmicutes (positively correlated with blood lipid levels) was decreased by 39.26%, and those of Verrucomicrobia and Akkermansia (negatively correlated with blood lipid levels) were increased by 36.09% and 36.93%, respectively. Compared with that in the red yeast rice group, the LDL-C level in the high-dose selenium-enriched red yeast rice group was significantly reduced by 42.31%. Moreover, the relative abundance of Firmicutes was reduced by 26.10%, and those of Verrucomicrobia and Akkermansia were increased by 46.59% and 44.01%, respectively. This study showed that compared with red yeast rice, selenium-enriched red yeast rice markedly ameliorates lipid metabolism disorder and the intestinal flora imbalance induced by a high-fat diet in mice.

国家重点研发计划项目（2019YFC1606703）