研究了黄芪甲苷对镉联合高脂高糖致糖尿病小鼠胰脏损伤的保护作用。采用高脂高糖联合镉损伤建立糖尿病模型。小鼠随机分为正常组、模型组和保护组。建模8周后，保护组灌胃不同浓度黄芪甲苷（Astragaloside IV，AS-IV）4周，检测其空腹血糖及胰脏组织中丙二醛（MDA）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）及谷胱甘肽（GSH）含量；胰脏组织做超薄切片并在透射显微镜下观察其亚细胞结构变化。结果显示，模型组MDA含量显著上升，为空白组的1.90倍（p<0.01），SOD、GSH含量下降，分别为空白组的48.10%（p<0.01）、44.40%（p<0.05）；与模型组比，低、中、高浓度保护组血糖水平降低，低、中、高剂量组MDA含量为模型组的82.10%（p<0.05）、68.40%（p<0.01）、58.90%（p<0.01），中、高剂量组SOD含量增加1.52倍（p<0.05）、1.72倍（p<0.01），高剂量保护组GSH含量增加最明显，为模型组2.00倍（p<0.01），透射电镜结果表明胰脏亚细胞结构分泌颗粒体密度、线粒体密度明显增高，说明高糖环境可加剧胰脏发生氧化应激，造成损伤；摄入AS-IV能显著降低各指标含量，减弱损伤程度。黄芪甲苷可能通过清除自由基，减少胰脏氧化损伤，保护其正常功能。

The protective effect of astragaloside IV against pancreatic injury induced by cadmium combined with high fat and high sugar diet in diabetic mice was studied. Diabetic model was established through high fat and high sugar combined with cadmium damage. Mice were randomly divided into a normal group, model group and protective group. After 8 weeks of modeling, the protective group were given different concentrations of astragaloside IV (As-IV) for 4 weeks. The blood glucose content, malondialdehyde (MDA) content，superoxide dismutase (SOD) content and glutathione (GSH) content were determined. Ultrathin sections of the pancreatic tissue were made and examined under transmission electron microscopy to investigate changes in subcellular structure. The results showed that the MDA content of the model group increased significantly, which was 1.90 times that of normal group (p<0.01). The contents of SOD and GSH decreased, which were 48.10% (p<0.01) and 44.40% of those of the normal group (p<0.05); Compared with the model group, the low, medium, and high dose protective groups had lower blood glucose level, with their MDA contents being 82.10% (p<0.05), 68.40% (p<0.01) and 58.90% (p<0.01) of those of the model group. The SOD contents of the medium and high dose groups increased 1.52 times (p<0.05) and 1.72 times (p<0.01), respectively. The GSH content of the high-dose protective group increased most significantly, which was twice that of the model group (p<0.01). The results of transmission electron microscopy showed that the density of secreted granules and mitochondria in the subcellular structure of the pancreas increased significantly, indicating that the high glucose environment can aggravate the oxidative stress in the pancreas causing damage; the intake of AS-IV decreased significantly the contents of various indicators and weakened the damage. Astragaloside IV may reduce the oxidative damage of the pancreas and preserve its normal function by scavenging free radicals.

陕西省科技厅一般项目（2019GY-138；2020GY-236；2021NY-161）；西安市未央区科研创新基金（202036）；榆林市科技计划项目（2019-169）