为研究新鲜莲蓬常温保存的最佳方法，以新鲜莲蓬为材料，比较了薄膜保鲜、果蜡涂抹、1-MCP（1-甲基丙烯）等技术对莲蓬的保鲜效果，通过感官评价、褐变指数、失重率、呼吸强度、可溶性固形物、丙二醛、多酚氧化酶（PPO）活性等指标的检测，优选出常温下保鲜效果最佳的保鲜技术。结果表明，常温保存下，对照组、薄膜保鲜、果蜡涂抹和1-MCP处理组在第7 d莲蓬的感官评分分别为7.0、7.7、7.8和8.3，莲子感官评分分别为8.0、8.3、8.6和8.7，莲蓬的褐变指数分别为0.50、0.45、0.30和0.20，莲子失重率分别为7.46%、5.58%、4.28%和4.43%，可溶性固形物含量分别减少了66.82%、45.83%、40.19%和37.87%，丙二醛含量分别为1.53 μmol/L、1.33 μmol/L、1.19 μmol/L和1.03 μmol/L；存储期间最大呼吸强度分别达到37.2、36.1、35.9和34.1，存储期间最大PPO活性为116、93、81和52。数据结果表明，薄膜保鲜、果蜡涂抹和1-MCP处理均可抑制莲蓬的呼吸作用，减缓莲蓬水分、可溶性固形物的减少；且1-MCP处理的保鲜效果更佳。因此，1-MCP处理可以成为一种较为有效的保鲜方法来延缓莲蓬和莲子的采后衰老，延长莲蓬和莲子的货架期。

To identify the best method to preserve fresh lotus seed pods at room temperature, the suitability of three techniques, namely, food wrapping, fruit wax coating, and 1-methylpropene (1-MCP) treatment, was examined. Based on the evaluation parameters of sensory quality, browning index, weight loss rate, respiration intensity, soluble solid content, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity, the most optimal preservation technique at room temperature was confirmed. At room temperature, the sensory quality scores of lotus seed pods of the control, food wrap preservation, fruit wax coating, and 1-MCP treatment groups were 7.0, 7.7, 7.8, and 8.3, respectively, and the sensory quality scores of lotus seeds were 8.0, 8.3, 8.6, and 8.7, respectively. The browning indexes of the lotus seed pods were 0.50, 0.45, 0.30, and 0.20, respectively. The weight loss rates of the lotus seeds were 7.46%, 5.58%, 4.28%, and 4.43%, respectively. The soluble solid contents decreased by 66.82%, 45.83%, 40.19%, and 37.87%, respectively. The MDA contents were 1.53, 1.33, 1.19, and 1.03 μmol/L, respectively. During storage, the maximal respiratory intensities were 37.2, 36.1, 35.9, and 34.1, respectively. The maximal PPO activities were 116, 93, 81, and 52, respectively. All of these suggest that food wrapping preservation, fruit wax coating, and 1-MCP treatment could inhibit the respiration of lotus seed pods and slow down the decrease of water and soluble solid contents. 1-MCP treatment method demonstrated the best preservation effects. Therefore, 1-MCP treatment could be an effective preservation technique to delay the postharvest senescence and prolong the shelf life of lotus seed pods and seeds.

河北省基础研究计划项目（C2016418006）