为了研究龙眼叶水提取物对肾结石模型大鼠的抑制作用，采用灌胃乙二醇+氯化铵溶液建立肾结石大鼠模型，造模成功后，用低、中、高不同剂量的龙眼叶水提取物对小鼠进行治疗恢复，测定24 h饮水量和尿量、尿常规指标、以及血清Cr、BUN、UA、Ca2+、Mg2+、草酸水平，肾组织中Ca2+、Mg2+、草酸水平，观察肾脏病理学改变及结晶情况。结果表明：与模型组相比较，各剂量龙眼叶水提取物能降低大鼠24 h饮水量（p<0.05）各剂量提取物均能降低模型大鼠24 h尿液草酸水平，其中高剂量组上述二者达到显著性差异（p<0.05）；各剂量提取物均能显著降低血清中尿酸（UA）、尿素氮（BUN）、肌酐（Cr）浓度，而对血清中的Ca2+、Mg2+浓度影响不明显，但能显著降低肾脏中Mg2+浓度。各剂量龙眼叶水提取物能不同程度降低肾脏器系数和肾脏草酸水平，减轻肾小管上皮细胞凋亡及草酸结晶程度，改善肾脏病变，降低肾结石发生率。研究结果显示龙眼叶水提取物能抑制肾结石的发生。

A rat model of kidney calculi was established by gavage with ethylene glycol and ammonium chloride solution to investigate the inhibitory effects of aqueous extract fromlongan dimocarpus (Lour.) leaves on ethylene glycol-induced kidney calculi in rats. The rats were treated with low, medium and high dose of aqueous extract from longan dimocarpus (Lour.) leaves based on the established model, and the drinking water and urine volume (24 h), urine routine indexes, Serum levels of Cr、BUN、UA、Ca2+、Mg2+ oxalic acid, levels of Ca2+、Mg2+ oxalic acid in kidney tissues were measured. The kidney tissue was subjected to analysis of pathological changes and crystallization The results revealed that each dose of aqueous extract from longan leaves significantly decreased the water volume (p < 0.05) and oxalic acid levels of urine in 24 h, and the high-dose group had a significant difference (p < 0.05). There was a significant decrease of uric acid (UA), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) in serum and the concentration of Mg2+ in kidney in each dose group, and the effects of aqueous extract in each dose on the concentration of Ca2+and Mg2+ in serum were not significant.. In addition, each dose of aqueous extract from longan leaves could decrease the kidney coefficient and kidney oxalic acid level, and reduce the apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cell and crystallization degree of oxalic acid, which resulted in the improvement of kidney disease and the reduction of kidney calculi. The results showed that the aqueous extract from longan dimocarpus (Lour.) leaves could inhibit the occurrence of kidney calculi.

浙江省自然科学基金项目（LY5H280007）