本文主要运用主成分分析法（PCA）研究苦瓜皂苷、南瓜多糖和苦荞黄酮单一或联合作用对糖尿病糖脂代谢的改善作用。通过建立2型糖尿病大鼠模型，对其灌胃提取物后的表征、体重、饮水量和摄食量进行比较，表明三种提取物或提取物联合组对建立的2型糖尿病模型组的病症均有明显的改善作用。进一步运用PCA分析法筛选糖脂代谢指标，并结合单维统计方法，得出皂苷和多糖联合作用对谷丙转氨酶、脂联素和肌酐的改善作用显著优于任一单一组分（P<0.05），对游离脂肪酸、肿瘤坏死因子的改善优于皂苷组（P<0.05），同时对谷草转氨酶的改善作用优于多糖组（P<0.05）；而皂苷和黄酮联合作用可使谷丙转氨酶的改善效果优于单一成分（P<0.05），肌酐改善优于皂苷组（P<0.05），脂联素和胰岛素改善优于黄酮组（P<0.05）。由此可知，通过本研究可证实活性成分的联合作用对2型糖尿病大鼠糖脂代谢具有更加突出的改善效果。

Using principal component analysis (PCA), the improvement in glucose and lipid metabolism of type-2 diabetic rats was investigated with the use of bitter melon (Momordica charantia) saponins in combination with buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) flavones (BSBF) or pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) polysaccharide (BSPP). A rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus was established and the three extracts were administered by gavage. Subsequently, body weights as well as food and water intake in all groups were compared. The results showed that individual extracts or combinations significantly ameliorated the symptoms of type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, the indicators for glucose and lipid metabolism were screened via the PCA method and single-dimensional statistics were combined in the analysis. Combined saponins (BS) and polysaccharide (PP) signi?cantly improved levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), adiponectin (ADPN), and creatinine (CRE) compared with that of individual extracts (p < 0.05). The effect of this combination on free fatty acids and tumor necrosis factor was improved compared with the BS group, while the effect on ALT was better than that on the PP group. The combination of BS and flavones resulted in improvement of ALT, CRE, ADPN, and insulin compared with individual extracts, BS group, as well as flavone group. In summary, the results of this study show that the combined effect of active ingredients produces more improvement of glucose and lipid metabolism in type-2 diabetic rats.

天津市科技支撑计划项目（13ZCZDNC01800）