利用透射电镜观察人工模拟储藏微环境下小麦细胞线粒体超微结构，并同时测定线粒体中的O2-?含量、COX活性，以及种子活力和抗氧化酶（SOD、CAT、POD）的活性，研究在不同储藏微环境（A、B、C、D）下小麦线粒体超微结构和抗氧化酶活性的变化规律，从微观角度探讨其与小麦衰老的关系。研究表明：随储藏时间延长和温湿度增高，线粒体数目减少，其超微结构的损伤劣变不断加剧。主要表现为：外膜变形并出现破损溶解，内膜的脊减少，脊的双层膜结构逐渐模糊不清，线粒体内部降解，内腔出现空泡化等；与此同时，O2-?生成速率不断增大，而COX活性和种子活力不断下降。D条件下三者变化最显著（P<0.05）；抗氧化酶的活性在高温高湿（C和D）条件下都经历了先增大后下降的过程，D条件下下降最明显，降幅分别达到36%、63%、57%，显著高于低温低湿（A和B）条件（P<0.05）。

The mitochondrial ultrastructure of wheat cell were investigated by transmission electron microscope under different simulated micro-environmental conditions. Simultaneously, mitochondrial O2-?, COX activity, seed vitality and the activity of antioxidative enzymes (SOD, CAT and POD) were measured, which were used to discuss the relationship between them and wheat aging at the micro perspective. The research showed that with the extension of storage time and increasing of temperature and humidity, mitochondria number was decreased, and the damage and deterioration of its ultrastructure became serious. The ultrastructure changed mainly as follows: outer membranes deformed, with broken and solution occurred; the number of internal ridges decreased, and the structure of its bilayer membranes gradually blurred; the inner mitochondria degraded and vacuolization occurred in inner cavity. At the same time, generation rate of O2-? kept increasing, COX activity and seed vitality kept decreasing. The three indexes had the most obvious variation under the conditions of 35 ℃ and 85% humidity. The activity of antioxidative enzymes in wheat cell all increased first and then decreased under high temperature and humidity (75% and 85%). The decreases of SOD, CAT and POD were more obvious under the conditions (35 ℃, 85%) than those under other conditions, being of 36%, 63% and 57% respectively.

国家高技术研究发展计划（863计划）项目（2012AA101705-2）；公益性行业（农业）科研专项经费项目（201003077）