为了解湖北省恩施市巴东地区豆瓣酱中微生物的多样性，采用Illumina MiSeq高通量测序技术，分析豆瓣酱中细菌16 S rRNA及真菌18 S rRNAV4区基因序列，进而比较豆瓣酱微生物的群落结构组成及多样性差异。结果3个样品共获得117644条有效序列，867个OTUs数目。多样性分析表明，豆瓣酱中具有高度的微生物群落多样性。微生物群落组成分析表明，样品中子囊菌门（Ascomycota，95.84%）、变形菌门（Proteobacteria，47.13%）、厚壁菌门（Firmicutes，32.37%）、放线菌（Actinobacteria，12.87%）为优势菌门，所占比例都超过了10.0%。在豆瓣酱样品中分别鉴定出311个细菌属和16个真菌属，优势细菌和真菌属平均相对含量分别为8.09%和24.74%，细菌及真菌多样性在属的水平上差异显著（p<0.05）。研究结果加深了对豆瓣酱微生物群落组成和多样性的认识，以期为巴东地区豆瓣酱中微生物菌种资源的发掘与保护提供理论依据。

To better understand the microbial diversity of bean paste in Badong area of Enshi City, Hubei Province, Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology was used to analyze the 16S rRNA gene sequence of bacteria and 18S rRNAV4 gene sequence of fungi in bean paste. The community structure and diversity of microorganisms in bean paste was compared. A total of 117644 valid sequences and 867 OTUS was obtained from the three samples. Diversity analysis showed that there was a high degree of microbial community diversity in bean paste. The analysis of microbial community composition indicated that Ascomycota (95.84%), Proteobacteria (47.13%), Firmicutes (32.37%) and Actinobacteria (12.87%) were dominant bacteria, accounting for more than 10.0%. There were 311 bacterial genera and 16 fungal genera identified in Badong bean paste samples. The average relative contents of dominant bacteria and fungi were 8.09% and 24.74%, respectively. The diversity of bacteria and fungi was significantly different at the generic level (p < 0.05). The results deepened the understanding of microbial community composition and diversity of bean paste, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the excavation and protection of microbial bacterial resources in bean paste in Badong area.

国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目（31501455）