为了考察东北黑蜂蜂胶乙醇提取物（Ethanol extracts from the Chinese northeast black bee propolis，EENBP）的理化性质，采用扫描电镜、紫外光谱、红外光谱、GC-MS和LC-MS等技术，分别研究了EENBP的化学组成和特征图谱。扫描电镜分析结果表明超声辅助提取制得的EENBP混合更加均匀；紫外和红外光谱分析结果表明EENBP中的的化学组分主要包括黄酮类、萜烯类、酯类、酚酸类和醇类等。GC-MS结果表明超声辅助提取制得的EENBP中挥发性成分主要是萜烯类化合物，分别是大根香叶烯、杜松烯、愈创木醇和芹子烯。LC-MS从超声辅助提取制得的EENBP中鉴定出苯甲醛、咖啡酸、香豆酸和阿魏酸，蜂胶中还含有柯因、异鼠李素和山奈素等成分。上述结果说明超声辅助提取制得的EENBP活性成分丰富，可以进一步进行相应功能的健康食品、药品的开发。

In order to study the physicochemical properties of ethanol extracts from Northeast-China black bee propolis (EENBP), the chemical compositions and characteristic spectra of the extracts were studied by means of scanning electron microscopy, ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy, infrared (IR) spectroscopy, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that the EENBP obtained by ultrasonic assisted extraction (EENBPUA) had a more uniform distribution compared with that of EENBP. Analysis of UV and IR spectra showed that EENBPUA contained flavonoids, terpenes, esters, phenolic acids, and alcohols, among other components. GC-MS results showed that the main volatiles in EENBPUA were terpene compounds, including germacrene, cadinene, guaiol, and selinene. Seven compounds, including benzaldehyde, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, chrysin, isorhamnetin, and kaempferol were identified by LC/MS from the EENBPUA. These findings suggest that the active components of EENBPUA are abundant and EENBP can be used for further development of healthy food and drugs with corresponding functions.

国家863计划重点项目(2013AA100203)；江苏省博士后基金项目(1302013A、1501105B)；中国博士后基金项目(2015M581746)；江苏省农产品物理加工重点实验室基金项目(JAPP2012-5)；国家自然科学基金项目(31071502)；高级人才启动基金项目(10JDG031)；江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(PAPD2012)；江苏省大学生创新创业训练计划项目(201613986009Y、201610299127H、201410299025Z)；大学生科研立项(Y15A140、Y15A111、15A169、15A180、14A004、14A017、14A050、14A051、13A062、13A110)