采用GB 4789.2-2010菌落总数计数及Miseq 测序分析物种多样性及群落结构的方法，对蛋鸡场鸡蛋壳表面细菌数量及种群结构进行研究。结果检测8组样品的菌落总数为3.79±0.67~5.06±0.75 Log CFU/eggshell±SD；获得的163214 条优化序列分属于变形菌门（Proteobacteria）、厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）、放线菌门（Actinobacteria）、拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）、梭杆菌门（Fusobacteria）及蓝菌门（Cyanobacteria）。8组样品普遍存在假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、埃希氏-志贺氏菌属（Escherichia-Shigella）、泛菌属（Pantoea）、芽孢杆菌属（Bacillus）、肠球菌属（Enterococcus）细菌；而各样品分别以假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、埃希氏-志贺氏菌属（Escherichia-Shigella）、不动杆菌属（Acinetobacter）、芽孢杆菌属（Bacillus）、寡养单胞菌属（Stenotrophomonas）以及肠球菌属（Enterococcus）的相对丰度最大，依次为67.89%、36.15%、68.08%、40.12%、21.59%和26.98%。试验结果表明鸡蛋壳表面细菌数量大、种群多，不同样品间存在相似性差异。鸡蛋腐败变质可能与鸡蛋壳表面细菌种群有关，有待进一步研究。

The aerobic plate count (APC) and the bacterial population structure and diversity on the eggshell surface were studied on the basis of GB 4789.2-2010 and 16SrDNA sequence analysis using the Illumina Miseq Platform. The results showed that the APC values of eight samples ranged from 3.79 ± 0.67 to 5.06 ± 0.75 log CFU/eggshell ± SD. The 163214 sequences of the eight samples belonged to Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Fusobacteria and Cyanobacteria, among which Enterococcus, Bacillus, Escherichia-Shigella, Pantoea, and Pseudomonas were dominant in eight samples. In each sample, Pseudomonas, Escherichia-Shigella, Acinetobacter, Bacillus, Stenotrophomonas, and Enterococcus showed the highest relative abundance, which were 67.89%, 36.15%, 68.08%, 40.12%, 21.59%, and 26.98%, respectively. The experimental results demonstrated that there were several bacteria and large bacterial populations present on the eggshell surface, and there were abundance differences for the given bacteria among different egg samples. Egg spoilage may be related to the presence of these bacteria on the eggshell surface and this aspect needs to be studied further.

公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303084)