微藻能产多种生物活性物质，其中一些可以作为功能性食品的添加剂。一些微藻能积累大量人体所需的超长链不饱和脂肪酸，包括花生四烯酸（ARA）、二十碳五烯酸（EPA）和二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）。尽管利用微藻生产DHA技术已得到商业化应用，其他超长链不饱和脂肪酸仍尚不能通过微藻商业化生产。微藻中的多糖是微藻的细胞结构成分、储能物质或充当其他生理功能，它们通常具有粘弹性等流变特性，因此它们不仅可以作为保健食品的功能因子，还适合作果冻和饮料的配料。类胡萝卜素、藻胆蛋白和叶绿素等色素，具有生物活性，可作为具有保健作用的食品着色剂。一些微藻类胡萝卜素已经能够商业化生产，但是像叶绿素等其他微藻色素的工业化生产技术仍待开发。微藻还能合成多种具有抗病毒、抗氧化和血管紧张素转换酶抑制活性的肽，一些生物活性肽也可通过水解微藻蛋白获得。本文综述了微藻的生物活性物质以及这些活性成分在功能性食品中应用的可能性。

Microalgae can produce many bioactives, some of which can be used as ingredients of functional food. Some microalgae can accumulate large amount of long-chain unsaturated fatty acids, including arachidonic acid (ARA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which are very important for human. Except for DHA, other very long chain unsaturated fatty acids have not be commercially produced by microalgae. Microalgae synthesize polysaccharides as their cell structural components, energy storage materials or other physiological molecules. Some polysaccharides also have bioactivities for human health. Microalgal polysaccharides usually can give a good viscoelastic rheological property which is benefit in some function foods, such as jells and drinks. Pigments, including carotenoids, phycobiliproteins and chlorophylls, are good food colorants with bioactivities. Some carotenoids pigments have been commercially developed, but others, including chlorophylls, are waiting for well development. Microalgae synthesize many kinds of peptides, some of which have bioactivities such as antivirus, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory activity and antioxidative activity. Some bioactive peptides can also be produced through hydrolisation of microalgal proteins. This paper reviewed the health-promoting properties of microalgal bioactives and their applications in functional food ingredients of the microalgal actives.

国家十二五农业领域项目子课题（2011BAD14B03-06）；广东省国际合作项目（2011B050400027）；教育部留学回国人员启动经费项目教外司留[2011]1139号；广东海洋大学引进人才启动项目（1112096）