乳源生物活性肽通过肠道健康调控介导的生物学功能研究进展

Research Advances in Biological Functions Mediated by Milk-Derived Bioactive Peptides through the Regulation of Intestinal Health

摘要:

乳源生物活性肽是乳蛋白经酶解或发酵处理后产生的具有特殊生理功能的小分子肽段。因其高生物利用度及多样的生物学活性，其在促进人体健康方面展现出巨大潜力。本文综述了乳源生物活性肽的核心生物学功能，并重点聚焦于其调控肠道健康的作用机制。乳源生物活性肽被肠道高效吸收后，一方面直接作用于肠道微环境：通过抑制病原菌、促进有益菌增殖以调节菌群平衡，并通过促进紧密连接蛋白表达和维护黏膜完整性来增强肠道物理屏障。另一方面，通过精细调控细胞内关键信号通路以增强抗氧化防御，从而在细胞与分子层面整合发挥抗炎、抗氧化及免疫调节效应。这些多层次的机制共同构成了乳源生物活性肽以肠道为枢纽、影响全身健康的网络化作用基础，并对乳源生物活性肽研究和应用前景进行了总结和展望，以期为阐明乳源生物活性肽促进人体健康的作用机制及乳源生物活性肽相关产品的深度开发提供参考。

Abstract:

Milk-derived bioactive peptides are small peptide fragments generated from milk proteins through enzymatic hydrolysis or fermentation, possessing specific physiological functions. Due to their high bioavailability and diverse biological activities, they exhibit great potential in promoting human health. This review summarizes the core biological functions of milk-derived bioactive peptides, with a primary focus on their mechanisms of action in modulating intestinal health. After being efficiently absorbed by the intestine via specific transport pathways, milk-derived bioactive peptides directly influence the gut microenvironment. On one hand, they regulate microbial balance by inhibiting pathogens and promoting the proliferation of beneficial bacteria, while also enhancing the intestinal physical barrier by upregulating the expression of tight junction proteins and maintaining mucosal integrity. On the other hand, they exert anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects at the cellular and molecular levels by precisely modulating key intracellular signaling pathways and strengthening antioxidant defenses. These multi-layered mechanisms collectively form a network through which milk-derived bioactive peptides influence systemic health with the gut as a central hub. Finally, this review provides a summary and outlook on the research and application prospects of milk-derived bioactive peptides, aiming to offer insights for elucidating their health-promoting mechanisms and supporting the advanced development of milk-derived bioactive peptides-related products.