酒糟热解产物分布特性随温度的演变

The distribution characteristics of pyrolysis products from distiller's grains vary with temperature

摘要:

为探究热解温度对酒糟三相产物组成及分布特性的影响，利用气相色谱仪（GC）、气相色谱-质谱联用仪（GC-MS）和傅里叶变换红外光谱仪（FTIR）对气液固产物组成及结构进行分析。研究表明酒糟热解过程气体和生物油的形成与粗蛋白、纤维素、木质素和粗脂肪等组分密切相关。低温热解（≤500℃）时主要是半纤维素、粗蛋白、纤维素、粗脂肪参与反应，高温热解（600~800℃）时则主要促进木质素裂解形成气体和生物油。温度升高促进热解气生成，800℃时气体产率高达54%。高温有利于CO、H2、CH4可燃组分形成，并提高气体热值。400℃时，生物油中酸类和酯类含量分别为27.19%和33.18%。热解温度升高会降低酯类含量，并提升烃类含量，800℃达到44.44%。酒糟生物油的组成演变与热解温度关联密切，需要根据具体应用选择合适的热解温度。高温热解有利于有机官能团的分解，提升了生物炭石墨化和芳香化程度。这表明酒糟生物炭在能源、环境、催化、农业等领域展现出替代传统化石基材料的潜力。该研究为酒糟复杂组分定向催化热解制备高品质产品提供了理论基础。

Abstract:

The investigation into the effects of pyrolysis temperature on the composition and distribution characteristics of the three-phase products of distillery residue was conducted using gas chromatography (GC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to analyze the composition and structure of the gas, liquid, and solid products. The formation of gases and bio-oil during the pyrolysis of distillery residue is closely related to components such as crude protein, cellulose, lignin, and crude fat. At low temperatures (≤500℃), the main reactions involve hemicellulose, crude protein, cellulose, and crude fat. At high temperatures (600~800℃), the main reaction is the decomposition of lignin to form gases and bio-oil. Increasing temperature promotes the generation of pyrolysis gas, with a gas yield of up to 54% at 800℃. The formation of combustible components such as CO, H2, and CH4 is favored by high temperatures, and the calorific value of the gas is increased. At 400℃, the acid and ester content in the bio-oil is 27.19% and 33.18%, respectively. Increasing the pyrolysis temperature reduces the ester content and increases the hydrocarbon content, reaching 44.44% at 800℃. The composition evolution of the bio-oil is closely related to the pyrolysis temperature, and the appropriate pyrolysis temperature should be selected based on specific applications. High-temperature pyrolysis promotes the decomposition of organic functional groups and enhances the graphitization and aromatization of the biochar. This indicates that biochar from distillery residue has potential in energy, environmental, catalytic, and agricultural applications as a replacement for traditional fossil-based materials. This study provides a theoretical basis for the directional catalytic pyrolysis of complex distillery residue components to produce high-quality products.