坚果粕深加工与粕蛋白制备开发研究进展

Research Progress on Deep Processing of Nut Meal and Development of Meal Protein

摘要:

目前全球坚果年产量呈快速增长态势，但“增产不增收”难题日趋突出，进而“精深加工”成为近年来坚果产业转型升级的关键。作为油脂及蛋白含量丰富的潜在大宗油料资源，核桃油等坚果油脂及植物乳成为坚果精深加工的主要方向之一，而其主要副产物坚果粕的综合利用问题也成为制约坚果加工产业发展的关键问题之一。本文聚焦核桃、杏仁、腰果和榛子四大坚果粕，通过对比大宗油料粕，综合分析明确了不同坚果粕的营养组分特征与开发潜力；并从动物饲料、功能食品配料、活性成分提取等方面较为系统地分析了坚果粕的加工利用现状；作为坚果粕中的主要营养组分，粕蛋白极具开发潜力及应用价值，因此本文针对粕蛋白制备工艺及加工、功能、安全特性等方面的研究现状进行了系统的整理及分析，明确了其研究开发过程中的关键问题及发展方向。综上所述，坚果粕作为一种高值副产物，其未来的开发应用具有广阔的前景，是推动坚果产业转型升级的关键。

Abstract:

The rapid development of the worldwide nut business is being accompanied by the growing problem of "increasing production without corresponding income growth". Consequently, "intensive processing" has emerged as a pivotal driver for the transformation and upgrading of the nut industry in recent years. As a potential bulk oilseed resource rich in oils and proteins, nut-derived products such as walnut oil and plant-based nut milks have become key focuses of intensive nut processing. Meanwhile, the comprehensive utilization of nut meal—the primary byproduct of nut processing—has become a critical bottleneck constraining industry development.This study centers on four major nut meals—walnut, almond, cashew, and hazelnut—and conducts a comparative analysis with conventional oilseed meals to elucidate their nutritional profiles and development potential. It systematically reviews current utilization approaches for nut meals, including applications in animal feed, functional food ingredients, and bioactive compound extraction. As the primary nutritional component in nut meals, meal proteins exhibit significant development potential and application value. Therefore, this paper comprehensively examines research progress in protein extraction techniques, processing methods, functional properties, and safety characteristics, identifying key challenges and future research directions.In summary, nut meal represents a high-value byproduct with broad prospects for future development and application, positioning it as a crucial catalyst for advancing the transformation and upgrading of the nut industry.