益生菌滴剂对婴幼儿肠道菌群的调节作用及其健康效应

Gut Microbiome Regulation and Health Benefits of Probiotic Drops in Infants

摘要:

以16名6~24月龄健康婴幼儿为研究对象，该研究比较其食用含有长双歧杆菌婴儿亚种R0033和短双歧杆菌M-16V的益生菌滴剂30 d前后粪便中短链脂肪酸（Short-Chain Fatty Acid, SCFA）、短链支链脂肪酸（Branched-Chain Fatty Acid，BCFA）、肠道菌群组成和分泌型免疫球蛋白A（Secretory Immunoglobulin A, sIgA）含量变化，评估益生菌滴剂对婴幼儿肠道健康的影响。结果表明，食用后，婴幼儿肠道关键代谢物SCFA含量尤其是乙酸含量显著增加（P<0.05），从63.97 mmol/L增加到85.36 mmol/L；BCFA含量从1.86 mmol/L显著增加到4.80 mmol/L（P<0.05）；婴幼儿肠道微生物群落多样性无显著变化（P>0.05），但肠道菌群组成中在属水平上，Lachnoclostridium和粪芽孢菌（Coprobacillus）相对丰度显著提高（P<0.05）；在种水平上，无害梭菌（Clostridium_innocuum）和Coprobacillus cateniformis的相对丰度显著提高（P<0.05），长双歧杆菌（Bifidobacterium longum）、短双歧杆菌（Bifidobacterium breve）、两歧双歧杆菌（Bifidobacterium bifidum）相对丰度有所增加但不具有统计学差异（P>0.05）；粪便样本中sIgA含量无显著差异（P>0.05）。综上，食用益生菌滴剂30 d可以提高婴幼儿肠道中菌群代谢产物SCFA和BCFA的含量及有益菌的相对丰度，有利于婴幼儿的肠道健康。

Abstract:

To investigate the regulatory effects of probiotic drops on gut health and microbiota of infants, sixteen healthy volunteers aged 6 to 24 months were recruited and their diet was supplemented with probiotic drops containing Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis R0033 and B. breve M-16V for 30 days. Their fecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) and branched-chain fatty acid (BCFA) contents, gut microbiota composition, and secretory immunoglobulin A were analyzed before and after the 30-day period of probiotic drop intake. The infants’ fecal SCFA concentrations showed an increase (the acetic acid level increased significantly from 63.97 mmol/L to 85.36 mmol/L (P<0.05)). Their fecal BCFA concentration also increased significantly from 1.86 mmol/L to 4.80 mmol/L (P<0.05). There was no significant change in the diversity of gut microbiota (P>0.05). At the species level, the relative abundances of Clostridium innocuum and C. cateniformis showed significant increase (P<0.05), whereas the relative abundances of B. longum, B. breve, and B. bifidum were increased but not a level of statistical significance (P>0.05). At the genus level, the relative abundances of Lachnoclostridium and Coprobacillus showed significant increase (P<0.05). The fecal concentration of secretory immunoglobulin A showed no significant difference (P>0.05). In conclusion, 30-day intake of probiotic drops can increase the concentrations of SCFA and BCFA and the relative abundances of beneficial bacteria in the infant gut. Probiotic drops are thus beneficial to gut health of infants.