不同酶解方式下蜂王浆蛋白生物活性的比较

Comparison of biological activity of royal jelly protein under different enzymatic hydrolysis methods

摘要:

蜂王浆营养丰富，蛋白质含量高，是挖掘生物活性肽的重要来源。为探究不同酶解方式对蜂王浆蛋白的抗氧化和降糖活性影响，该研究以蜂王浆为原料,采用硫酸铵沉淀法提取蜂王浆粗蛋白,通过不同的酶解（胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、胃胰蛋白酶）制备得到酶解粗提物W-WSPs、Y-WSPs、WY-WSPs，以未酶解的粗蛋白为对照，羟自由基、DPPH自由基清除率和 α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率为评价指标，评估其抗氧化和降糖活性的差异，并依据不同温度、pH值评估其活性的热稳定性和酸碱稳定性。结果表明，三种粗提物对细胞均无毒性，其中蜂王浆蛋白酶解粗提物WY-WSPs具有更好的抗氧化活性和 α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性，其对羟自由基、DPPH自由基的清除率分别为48.54%和41.59%，对 α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制率为50.75%，且具有一定的热稳定性和酸碱稳定性。其中WY-WSPs在相同条件下具有更高的羟自由基、DPPH自由基清除率和 α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率，稳定性也更强。研究旨在为蜂王浆高值化利用及产品开发提供理论参考。

Abstract:

Royal jelly is rich in nutrients and high in protein content, which is an important source of bioactive peptides. In order to explore the effects of different enzymatic hydrolysis methods on the antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities of royal jelly proteins, royal jelly was used as the raw material, and the crude protein of royal jelly was extracted by the ammonium sulfate precipitation method. W-WSPs, Y-WSPs, and WY-WSPs were prepared through different enzymatic hydrolysis processes (using pepsin, trypsin, and a combination of pepsin and trypsin respectively). The unhydrolyzed crude protein was used as the control, and the hydroxyl radical scavenging rate, DPPH free radical scavenging rate, and α-glucosidase inhibition rate were employed as evaluation indicators to assess the differences in antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities. The thermal stability and acid-base stability of the activity were evaluated according to different temperatures and pH values.It was shown by the results that the three crude extracts were determined to be non-toxic to cells. Among them, it was found that better antioxidant activity and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity were exhibited by WY-WSPs. The scavenging rates of hydroxyl radical and DPPH radical of WY-WSPs were measured to be 48.54% and 41.59%, respectively, and the inhibition rate of α-glucosidase by WY-WSPs was determined to be 50.75%. Certain thermal stability and acid-base stability were possessed by it. Among them, under the same conditions, higher hydroxyl radical and DPPH radical scavenging rates, as well as a higher α-glucosidase inhibition rate, were exhibited by WY-WSPs, and stronger stability was also demonstrated by them.