电场非热效应在功能性成分提取中的应用研究进展

Progress in the application of Non-Thermal Effect of Electric Field in the extraction of functional ingredients

摘要:

电场辅助提取能够改善传统提取方式对功能性物质提取时效率低、能耗高、目标产物损失等问题，但其作用机制复杂，规模化应用较少。电场辅助提取技术利用非热效应，即电穿孔作用能够有效破坏细胞膜和细胞壁，促进胞内和细胞间隙的功能性物质释放。研究表明，电场强度、频率、处理时间、介质特性等参数对提取产率和回收率具有显著影响。鉴于此，该文综述了电场非热效应在功能性成分提取中的研究进展，阐述了不同作用机制和影响因素，介绍了电场在植物、动物、微生物源功能性成分提取的应用以及与其他技术联用的情况。融合多种技术手段可提升提取效率并推动产业化进程，该研究为电场技术在功能性物质规模化提取中的应用提供了理论基础。

Abstract:

Electric Field-Assisted Extraction can improve the problems of low efficiency, high energy consumption and loss of target products in the extraction of functional substances by traditional methods. However, its mechanism of action is complex and its large-scale application is limited. Electric Field-Assisted Extraction Technology utilizes the non-thermal effect, namely electroporation, to effectively disrupt cell membranes and cell walls, promoting the release of intracellular and intercellular functional substances. Studies have shown that parameters such as electric field intensity, frequency, treatment time, and medium characteristics have a significant impact on extraction yield and recovery rate. In view of this, this paper reviews the research progress of the Non-Thermal Effect of Electric Fields in the extraction of functional components, elaborates on different mechanisms of action and influencing factors, and introduces the application of electric fields in the extraction of functional components from plant, animal, and microbial sources as well as their combined use with other technologies. The integration of multiple technological approaches can enhance extraction efficiency and promote industrialization, providing a theoretical foundation for the large-scale application of electric field technology in functional substance extraction.