珍珠贝肽抗氧化与美白活性的多模型综合评估：细胞、果蝇与斑马鱼模型的研究

Comprehensive Evaluation of the Antioxidant and Whitening Activities of Pearl Shell Peptides in Multiple Models: Studies in Cell, Drosophila, and Zebrafish Models

摘要:

为了进一步探究珍珠贝肽的抗氧化和美白活性，该研究旨在通过细胞和动物模型综合评估珍珠贝肽的抗氧化和美白作用。首先采用人肝癌细胞（Hepatocellular Carcinoma G2 Cells, HepG2）模型研究珍珠贝肽的细胞抗氧化能力和对氧化损伤细胞保护作用，并采用D-半乳糖诱导果蝇模型研究其对果蝇体内氧化应激的影响；进一步采用小鼠黑色素瘤细胞（Mouse Melanoma Cells, B16F10）美白模型研究其对细胞黑色素和酪氨酸酶的抑制能力，并采用斑马鱼美白模型研究其对斑马鱼黑色素和酪氨酸酶的抑制能力。结果表明：在抗氧化方面，珍珠贝肽具有良好的细胞内抗氧化活性（EC50=0.163 mg·mL-1）及对氧化损伤细胞具有良好的保护作用，其中质量浓度为0.2 mg·mL-1的珍珠贝肽可使损伤细胞存活率从80.99%恢复到96.55%（P<0.05）。同时珍珠贝肽可显著提升D-半乳糖诱导果蝇体内超氧化物歧化酶（Superoxide Dismutase，SOD）和过氧化氢酶（Catalase，CAT）活力，并显著降低丙二醛（Malondialdehyde，MDA）含量（P<0.05）。在美白方面，珍珠贝肽（0.05 mg·mL-1）使B16F10细胞中黑色素含量和酪氨酸酶活力分别显著降低了26.47%和29.79%，使斑马鱼体内黑色素含量和酪氨酸酶活力分别下降了32.33%和56.72%。最后，对珍珠贝肽进行了质谱鉴定，结果表明珍珠贝肽具有很好的抗氧化和美白活性潜力，与活性评价结果一致。综上，珍珠贝肽在细胞和动物层面均具有良好的抗氧化和美白作用，为其开发成皮肤健康食品原料提供了理论依据。

Abstract:

The antioxidant and whitening activities of pearl shell peptides were systematically evaluated using combined cellular and animal model systems to further elucidate their bioactive potential. The HepG2 cell model was employed to assess cellular antioxidant capacity and protection against oxidative damage, while a D-galactose-induced Drosophila melanogaster model was utilized to examine oxidative stress modulation. Additionally, the inhibitory effects on melanogenesis were investigated using both B16F10 mouse melanoma cells and zebrafish models. Significant intracellular antioxidant activity (EC50=0.163 mg·mL-1) was demonstrated, with 0.2 mg·mL-1 pearl shell peptides shown to restore viability of damaged cells from 80.99% to 96.55% (P<0.05). In D-galactose-treated Drosophila, remarkable enhancements were observed in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities (P<0.05), accompanied by reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) content. For whitening effects, melanin content and tyrosinase activity in B16F10 cells were significantly decreased by 26.47% and 29.79%, respectively, at 0.05 mg·mL-1. Corresponding reductions of 32.33% and 56.72% were recorded in zebrafish. The peptide profile was characterized by mass spectrometry, with identified sequences exhibiting strong correlation with bioactivity assessments. These findings collectively establish that pearl shell peptides possess dual antioxidant-whitening functionalities at both cellular and organismal levels. Collectively, pearl shell peptides were demonstrated to exhibit potent antioxidant and whitening activities across cellular and organismal models, establishing a scientific basis for their potential application as skin-health promoting nutraceutical ingredients.