该研究探讨了母乳源植物乳植杆菌联合酸奶发酵剂发酵水牛乳对妊娠大鼠血压和肠道微生物结构与功能的影响。将大鼠（10周龄）随机分为发酵乳组、盐酸拉贝洛尔组和模型对照组，每组5只，自受孕第1天开始，按发酵乳20 mg/kg、盐酸拉贝洛尔4 mg/kg和生理盐水等体积（10 mL）灌胃，每天1次，共21 d，并于妊娠第15天开始造模，每天注射N-硝基-L-精氨酸甲酯盐酸盐（L-NAME, 125 mg/kg）至分娩前，测定血压和结肠内容物微生物组成。研究表明，发酵乳组血压显著低于L-NAME诱导前和模型对照组（P<0.05），与盐酸拉贝洛尔组无显著差异（P>0.05）。同时，相比于生理盐水组，发酵乳组表现出更低厚壁菌门丰度和更高罗斯氏菌、双歧杆菌、拟杆菌和副拟杆菌丰度（P<0.05），厚壁菌门与拟杆菌门比例由10.46降低至3.74，此外，发酵乳摄入可显著促进叶酸和鞘糖脂生物合成，以及显著增加乙酸和异戊酸的含量。该研究揭示植物乳植杆菌B发酵水牛乳可通过改善妊娠大鼠肠道菌群结构与功能达到稳定妊娠大鼠血压的作用，有望成为改善妊娠健康状况的新功能营养食品。

The effects of buffalo milk fermented with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum B (LPB) and yogurt starter on blood pressure and gut microbiota structure and function were assessed using pregnant rats. The rats (10 weeks old) were randomly divided into a fermented buffalo milk group (YT), labetalol hydrochloride positive control group (PC), and negative control group (NC), with five rats per group. Starting from the 1st day of pregnancy, the rats in groups YT, PC, and NC were respectively gavaged with 10 mL of 20 mg/kg fermented buffalo milk, 10 mL of 4 mg/kg labetalol hydrochloride, and 10 mL of normal saline once a day for 21 days. Modeling was initiated on day 15 of pregnancy, with daily injections of N-nitro-Larginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME, 125 mg/kg) until delivery, and blood pressure and microbial composition of colonic contents were measured daily. Blood pressure in group YT was significantly reduced by induction with L-NAME and was significantly lower than that in the post-induced group NC (P<0.05) but was not significantly different from that of group YT or group PC (P>0.05). Compared with group NC, group YT exhibited lower abundance of Firmicutes and higher abundance of Rothia, Bifidobacterium, Bacteroides, and Parabacteroides (P<0.05), and the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes was reduced from 10.46 to 3.74. Fermented milk intake also significantly promoted folate and sphingolipid biosynthesis while significantly increasing the levels of acetic acid and isovaleric acid. This study demonstrates that buffalo milk fermented with LPB can aid in stabilizing blood pressure in pregnant rats by improving their gut microbiota structure, indicating great potential as a new functional food to improve prenatal health.

中央引导地方科技发展专项资金（桂科ZY22096025）；广西壮族自治区卫生健康委员会自筹经费科研课题项目（Z20211390）