探讨芥菜硫代葡萄糖苷（Glucosinolate, GSL）提取物对结肠癌的恢复作用。紫外法检测芥菜总GSL，氧化偶氮甲烷联合葡聚糖硫酸钠诱导Balb/c小鼠建立结肠炎性相关的结肠癌模型，小鼠分为对照组、模型组和芥菜GSL提取物低、高剂量组，样品干预9周后，分析炎症因子水平以及NF-κB p65/COX-2和Wnt/JNK信号通路的表达，通过16S rRNA高通量测序分析肠道菌群。结果显示，芥菜总GSL含量高达127.11 μmol/g。与模型组比较，芥菜GSL提取物高剂量组小鼠体质量和结肠长度分别增加了42.11%和20.37%（P<0.05），结肠肿瘤个数显著减少（P<0.05），结肠组织中IL-6、TNF-α和IL-17表达水平分别降低了46.88%、70.22%、20.43%，IFN-γ表达水平升高了98.55%，NF-κB p65、COX-2、Wnt和JNK的蛋白表达分别降低了60.91%、15.57%、63.31%、96.58%（P<0.05）；芥菜GSL提取物组显著回调了Bacteroides、Turicibacter、Ruminococcaceae UCG-014、Ruminiclostridium_5、Akkermansia、norank f Clostridiales vadinBB60 group、Prevotellaceae UCG-001 和Blautia等菌的丰度，恢复了肠道微生物的平衡状态。综上，芥菜GSL提取物通过改善结肠癌小鼠病理状态、调节炎症因子、信号通路和肠道微生物，展现辅助治疗结肠癌的潜力。

The therapeutic effects of mustard leaf extract, glucosinolate (GSL), on colon cancer were investigated. Total GSL content in mustard leaf was quantified using UV spectrophotometry. A colon cancer model associated with colitis was developed in Balb/c mice using azoxymethane and dextran sulfate sodium. The mice were divided into control, model, and low/high-dose mustard leaf GSL groups. After a 9-week trial, inflammatory cytokine levels and NF-κB p65/COX-2 and Wnt/JNK signaling pathway activities were analyzed. The gut microbiota was examined through high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA. Total GSL content in mustard leaf reached 127.11 μmol/g. Compared with the model group, the high-dose mustard leaf GSL group showed significant respective increases in weight and colon length (42.11% and 20.37%, respectively (P<0.05)), a significant reduction in the number of colon tumors (P<0.05), decreases in IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-17 expression in colon tissue by 46.88%, 70.22%, and 20.43% respectively, a 98.55% increase in IFN-γ expression, and significant decreases in NF-κB p65, COX-2, Wnt, and JNK protein expression by 60.91%, 15.57%, 63.31%, and 96.58%, respectively (P<0.05). The abundances of Bacteroides, Turicibacter, Ruminococcaceae UCG-014, Ruminiclostridium_5, Akkermansia, norank f Clostridiales vadinBB60 group, Prevotellaceae UCG-001, and Blautia were significantly altered by mustard leaf GSL, resulting in a restoration of a healthy microbial balance in the gut. In summary, leaf mustard GSL is a potential adjuvant therapy for colon cancer, as evidenced by its capacity to alleviate pathological conditions and modulate inflammatory cytokines, signaling pathways, and gut microbiota in mouse models of colon cancer.

湖南自然科学基金面上项目（2021JJ30315）；广西自然科学基金项目（2023JJB130297）