该文通过体积分数70%乙醇和水分别回流提取得到荔枝核醇提物和水提物。采用福林酚法和硝酸铝-亚硝酸钠比色法测定总酚酸和总黄酮含量，表明荔枝核醇提物和水提物富含酚类和黄酮类物质，进一步采用UHPLCQ-Orbitriap MS鉴定其化学成分，共鉴定出72种化学成分，其中酚类化合物13种，黄酮类成分29种。ABTS+•和DPPH•消除试验发现，醇提物和水提物对ABTS+•（2.10 μg/mL和6.30 μg/mL）和DPPH•（2.98 μg/mL和16.90 μg/mL）均表现出显著的清除作用。MTT法、Griess法和ELISA检测的结果表明，醇提物在无毒计量下有效地抑制了LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞中NO、IL-6和IL-1β的释放。醇提物和水提物均表现出极好的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性（0.14 μg/mL和6.03 μg/mL），均优于阳性对照阿卡波糖（189.40 μg/mL）；醇提物对酪氨酸酶（139.85 μg/mL）表现出显著的抑制作用优于阳性对照熊果苷；醇提物表现出显著的乙酰胆碱酯酶（34.91 μg/mL）和丁酰胆碱酯酶（21.91 μg/mL）抑制活性。综上，荔枝核富含酚类和黄酮类化合物，具有抗氧化、抗炎、降血糖、美白和预防老年痴呆作用，可以作为化妆品、功能性食品、药品的活性成分的原料。该文的研究结果表明荔枝核具有抗氧化、抗炎以及酶抑制活性，为其在化妆品、食品和药品领域的开发利用提供理论基础。

Ethanol and aqueous extracts of lychee seeds (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) were obtained by reflux extraction using 70% ethanol and water, respectively. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu method and NaNO2-Al(NO3)3-NaOH colorimetry. Ethanol and aqueous lychee seed extracts were rich in phenolic and flavonoid compounds. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry was used to identify their chemical compositions. A total of 72 chemical components were identified, including 13 phenolic and 29 flavonoid compounds. The ethanol and aqueous extracts showed significant 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) scavenging activities (2.10 and 6.30 μg/mL, respectively) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activities (2.98 and 16.90 μg/mL, respectively). The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, Griess reagent, and enzyme-linked immunosprbent assays showed that a non-toxic dose of the ethanol extract effectively inhibited the release of nitric oxide, IL-6 and IL-1β in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. The ethanol and aqueous extracts demonstrated excellent α-glucosidase inhibitory activities (0.14 and 6.03 μg/mL, respectively), superior to that of the positive control, acarbose (189.40 μg/mL). The ethanol extract exhibited strong tyrosinase inhibitory activity (139.85 μg/mL), which was significantly better than that of the positive control, arbutin. Moreover, the ethanol extract exhibited remarkable acetylcholinesterase (34.91 μg/mL) and butyrylcholinesterase (21.91 μg/mL) inhibitory activities. In summary, lychee seeds are rich in phenolic and flavonoid compounds and has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, whitening, enzyme inhibitory, and anti-Alzheimer’s disease properties. These results provide a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of lychee as a source of active ingredients in the fields of cosmetics, functional foods, and pharmaceuticals.

国家自然科学基金项目（82360834）