肥胖是由遗传和环境因素决定的一个全球性重大健康问题。越来越多的证据表明肠道菌群与肥胖的发生、发展有关，肠道菌群参与体内糖类和脂类等多种营养素的代谢。当肠道菌群发生紊乱时，会引起胰岛素抵抗、脂肪组织堆积、代谢异常，从而导致代谢性疾病的发生，如人体肠道内丰度较高的双歧杆菌、乳杆菌等有益菌能够通过增强肠道屏障、提高胰岛素敏感性和改善代谢紊乱预防肥胖的发生，而这些作用大多是由肠道菌群的代谢物介导的，包括短链脂肪酸和次级胆汁酸等；另一方面，大肠杆菌和Staphylococcus 等物种则可通过脂多糖、肽聚糖以及三甲胺等有害代谢产物，促进肥胖的发生和发展。该文综述了肠道菌群及其代谢产物与肥胖的相关性，主要包括乳酸杆菌、阿克曼菌、双歧杆菌和大肠杆菌等以及肠道菌群的主要代谢物，分别从菌群结构、酶、细胞因子、信号传导等方面，分析探讨了其与肥胖之间的关系。该综述旨在为人们全面了解肠道菌群及其代谢产物与肥胖之间的关系，为今后肥胖的临床干预及预防提供科学参考。

Obesity is a major global health problem determined by genetics and environmental factors. More and more evidence shows that gut microbiota is related to the occurrence and development of obesity. Gut microbiota is involved in the metabolism of various nutrients such as carbohydrates and lipids in the body, and gut microbiota disorder leads to insulin resistance, adipose tissue accumulation and metabolic abnormalities, causing the occurrence of metabolic diseases, such as high-abundance beneficial bacteria in the human intestinal tract (e.g. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus), can prevent the occurrence of obesity by strengthening the intestinal barrier, improving insulin sensitivity and ameliorating metabolic disorders. Many of these effects are mediated by metabolites produced by the intestinal flora, such as short-chain fatty acids and secondary bile acids. On the other hand, species such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus can promote the occurrence and development of obesity through harmful metabolites like lipopolysaccharides, peptidoglycans and trimethylamines. In this paper, the correlation between intestinal microbiota and its metabolites, and obesity is reviewed, including Lactobacillus, Akkermansia muciniphila, Bifidobacterium and Enterobacter clocae, as well as the main metabolites of intestinal microbiota. The relationship between intestinal microbiota/ metabolites and obesity is analyzed from the aspects such as microbiota structure, enzymes, cytokines, and signal transduction. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between gut microbiota/its metabolites and obesity, and to provide a scientific reference for future clinical intervention and prevention of obesity.

国家自然科学基金面上项目（32373079）；校企横向课题（2019xny-js044）