果蔬废弃物多糖资源化利用的研究进展

Research Progress on Polysaccharide Resource Utilization of Fruit and Vegetable Waste

摘要:

全球每年产生超过1.6?109 t的果蔬废弃物，造成严重资源浪费和环境污染，产生的温室气体加剧全球气候问题，与循环经济和绿色发展理念相悖。为应对这一挑战，亟待实现果蔬废弃物循环利用。果蔬废弃物中高含量的多糖成分具有重要的营养和药用价值。利用超声辅助提取果蔬废弃物多糖成为实现果蔬废弃物循环和最大价值化利用的有效手段。该文阐述了果蔬废弃物资源现状，超声作用机制及影响因素，超声在果蔬废弃物多糖提取中的应用，进一步探讨了超声对果蔬多糖结构及活性产生的有利影响。从果蔬废弃物利用出发，实现活性物质的充分利用循，为超声辅助提取促进果蔬废弃物资源化利用及循环经济供理论依据，以期实现果蔬废弃物资源可持续综合利用与减缓全球气候危机。

Abstract:

More than 1.6 billion tons of fruit and vegetable waste are generated every year in the world, leading to serious resource wastage and environmental pollution, while greenhouse gas production exacerbates global climate issues and contradicts the principles of a circular economy and green development. Therefore, it is imperative to recycle fruit and vegetable waste to address this challenge. The polysaccharide components of waste with high content have important nutritional and medicinal value. Ultrasound-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from fruit and vegetable waste has emerged as an effective method for recycling and maximizing their value. This study discussed the current status of fruit and vegetable waste resources, the mechanisms and influencing factors of ultrasound, and the application of ultrasound-assisted extraction for polysaccharides from fruit and vegetable waste. Furthermore, the beneficial effects of ultrasound on the structure and activity of fruit and vegetable polysaccharides were explored. By focusing on the utilization of fruit and vegetable waste, this research supported the efficient use of bioactive substances and the circular economy, providing a theoretical basis for ultrasound-assisted extraction to promote the fruit and vegetable waste utilization industry and sustainable development, ultimately aiming for the sustainable and comprehensive use of fruit and vegetable waste resources, and to mitigate the global climate crisis.