为了考察除淀粉处理对山药多糖的分子量、单糖组成、官能团及体外免疫活性的影响，该研究采用水提醇沉法提取山药多糖，分别得到山药含淀粉多糖（WDRP）和经α-淀粉酶处理得到的山药非淀粉多糖（CDRP）。结合色谱法和光谱法比较除淀粉前后多糖的结构信息，WDRP比CDRP多一个1590 kDa的分子量峰，为淀粉峰。WDRP和CDRP单糖种类相同，但具体单糖的摩尔百分比存在差异。WDRP中葡萄糖摩尔百分比较CDRP中低20.93%，而其他单糖的占比均大于CDRP中。细胞实验中发现WDRP的细胞存活率可达188.50%，而CDRP组166.69%，且WDRP组吞噬率显著高于CDRP组。进一步研究发现WDRP和CDRP通过激活p38 MAPK/NF-κB通路调节NO、TNF-α、IL-6和IL-1β的分泌发挥免疫调节作用。此外，WDRP中p38 MAPK和NF-κB蛋白表达水平高于CDRP，说明WDRP体外免疫活性强于CDRP。该文结果表明山药除淀粉导致多糖结构存在差异，进而导致其活性有些不同，说明淀粉酶可能会破坏山药非淀粉多糖的解构导致活性降低，为后续山药多糖的分离纯化研究提供参考。

The effect of starch removal treatment on molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, functional groups, and in vitro immune activity of Dioscorea opposita Thunb. polysaccharides (DOP) were investigated. The polysaccharides were extracted by aqueous alcoholic precipitation. Specifically, the aqueous extract was directly precipitated with alcohol to obtain Dioscorea opposita Thunb. starch-containing polysaccharides (WDRP), and alcohol precipitated after α-amylase treatment to obtain Dioscorea opposita Thunb. non-starch polysaccharides (CDRP). This experiment combined chromatography and spectroscopy to compare the structural information of the polysaccharides before and after starch removal. The molecular of WDRP has one more 1590 kDa weight peak for starch than CDRP. WDRP and CDRP have the same monosaccharides, yet there are notable differences in the molar percentage of specific monosaccharides. The relative amount of glucose in WDRP was about 20.93% lower than in CDRP, while the percentage of other monosaccharides was greater than in CDRP. In the cell assay, the cell viability of WDRP was found to be up to 188.50% compared to 166.69% in the CDRP group, and the phagocytosis rate was significantly higher in the WDRP group than CDRP group. Further studies revealed that WDRP and CDRP play an immunomodulatory role by activating the p38 MAPK/NF-κB pathway to regulate the secretion of NO, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β. In addition, the p38 MAPK and NF-κB protein expression levels were higher in WDRP than in CDRP, suggesting that WDRP was better than CDRP in vitro immune activity. The results of this paper indicate that yam except starch leads to differences in the structure of polysaccharides, which in turn leads to somewhat different activities. It suggested that amylase may disrupt the deconstruction of non-starch polysaccharides leading to reduced activity. The result provided a reference for the subsequent studies on the isolation and purification of DOP.

山东省重点研发计划(2022CXGC010511,2022TZXD0033),国家中医药管理局科技司-山东省卫生健康委共建项目（2025），国家现代农业产业技术体系资助课题(CARS-21),山东省重点研发项目 (tscy20200410)