小孢粉孢牛肝菌营养成分及化学成分分析与评价

Analysis and Evaluation of Nutritional and Chemical Components of Tylopilus microsporus

摘要:

小孢粉孢牛肝菌（Tylopilus microsporus）属牛肝菌科真菌，来源于云南省曲靖市陆良县。对该菌营养成分的研究结果表明其营养成分含量丰富，主要营养成分（g/100 g）为：粗蛋白29.9，粗多糖3.68，必需氨基酸11.18，总氨基酸23.80；必需氨基酸对非必需氨基酸指数（E/N）为0.89，必需氨基酸对总氨基酸（E/E+N）为46.97%。总必需氨基酸达到FAO/WHO标准模式，营养成分均衡；EAAI值（必需氨基酸指数）为1.05。其矿物质营养成分主要包括Ca、K、Mg、P、Fe、Cu、Mu、Se等，特别是K含量较高。从该菌中鉴定出949个代谢物，其中有798个代谢物包括10个超类匹配到人类代谢数据库中，且具有多个含量较高的活性代谢物。小孢粉孢牛肝菌（Tylopilus microsporus）为高蛋白质、低含糖量的野生牛肝菌，其氨基酸含量高且种类相对齐全，同时苦味氨基酸和钾含量为新型牛肝菌的苦味研究及开发利用提供了重要依据。

Abstract:

Tylopilus microsporus belongs to the Boletaceae family, and is sourced from Luliang County, Qujing City, Yunnan Province. The analysis results of the nutritional composition of Tylopilus microsporus shows that Tylopilus microsporus is rich in nutrients, and the main nutritional components (g/100 g) were: crude protein 29.9, crude polysaccharide 3.68, essential amino acid 11.18, and total amino acids 23.80. The essential amino acids to non-essential amino acids (E/N) index was 0.89, and the essential amino acids to total amino acids (E/E+N) was 46.97%. The total essential amino acids meet the FAO/WHO standard mode, with balanced nutritional composition. The EAAI value (essential amino acid index) was 1.05. Tylopilus microspores was rich in mineral nutrients, mainly including Ca, K, Mg, P, Fe, Cu, Mu and Se, in particular, the K content was high. A total of 949 metabolites were identified from Tylopilus microsporus, in which 798 metabolites, including 10 superclasses, matched to the human metabolic database. There were multiple active metabolites with relatively high contents. Tylopilus microsporus is a wild bolete with high protein content and low sugar content. Its amino acid content was high and had a relatively complete range of species. Meanwhile, the content of bitter amino acids and potassium content provide an important basis for bitter research and development utilization of new boletes.