该研究探讨了使用超临界CO2流体技术对云南松花粉进行萃取，并考察萃取物对良性前列腺增生小鼠的作用。发现萃取时间、温度、流速、压力对得率的影响由大到小，最佳得率为9.9%（m/m）。对萃取物的气相色谱-质谱联用（Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, GC-MS）分析结果表明，有机酸占比50.63%，然后依次为烷类、醇类等。腹腔注射丙酸睾酮建立小鼠BPH 模型。每天灌胃松花粉萃取物［0.8 mg/(kg•d)］，持续28 d。结果显示，相对于对照组，BPH组前列腺质量及前列腺指数明显增加、前列腺组织上皮细胞明显增厚并向内呈脊状凸起，白介素-6（IL-6）、肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）、二氢睾酮（DHT）、前列腺酸性磷酸酶（PAP）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）含量升高，白介素-6（IL-10）、胱天蛋白酶-3（CASP-3）的含量降低。基于代谢组学分析，发现氨基酸-tRNA的生物合成、苯丙氨酸和酪氨酸以及色氨酸的生物合成等代谢通路发生差异性变化。经松花粉萃取物干预后，上述情况均得到不同程度的逆转。说明松花粉萃取物可通过调节炎性因子、BPH通路、增殖与凋亡、氧化应激、代谢通路等方面缓解丙酸睾酮诱导的良性前列腺增生。为松花粉的资源开发利用提供了理论支持。

In this study, supercritical CO2 fluid technology was used for the extraction of Yunnan pine pollen, and the effect of the obtained extract on the benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in mice was investigated. It was found that the effects of extraction time, temperature, flow rate, and pressure on the yield (corresponding effects ranked from large to small), with the optimal yield being 9.9%. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of the extract indicated that organic acids accounted for 50.63% of the total compounds, followed by alkanes, alcohols, and others. Testosterone propionate was injected intraperitoneally to establish a mouse BPH model. Pine pollen extract (0.8 mg/kg•d) daily was daily gavaged for 28 days. The results showed that compared to the control group (CON), the prostate weight and prostate index of the BPH group increased significantly, the epithelial cells in the prostate tissue thickened and protruded inwardly, the contents of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), prostate acid phosphatase (PAP) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased, and the contents of interleukin-10 (IL-10) and caspase-3 (CASP-3) decreased. Based on metabolomics analysis, the metabolic pathways such as amino acid-tRNA biosynthesis, L-phenylalanine and tyrosine biosynthesis, and tryptophan biosynthesis underwent differential changes. Following intervention with the pine pollen extract, the aforementioned conditions were reversed to varying degrees. These indicated that pine pollen extract can alleviate testosterone propionate-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia by regulating inflammatory factors, BPH pathways, proliferation and apoptosis, oxidative stress, and metabolic pathways. It provides a theoretical support for the development and utilization of pine pollen resources.

山东省自然科学基金项目（ZR2023QC105）