噬菌体是一类细菌病毒，能特异性识别并杀灭细菌，具有替代抗生素的潜力，特别是在食品安全领域中，以解决“人-环-食”生态链中泛耐药病原微生物的威胁。噬菌体分类学是阐明噬菌体间物种进化和发展规律的重要学科。近年来，随着新一代测序、培养组学等技术发展，噬菌体分类出现了许多新的技术进展与挑战。该文通过回顾噬菌体分类学的发展历程，阐明目前常用分类技术的优缺点；同时，该文系统总结了噬菌体进化分类的具体方案，重点探讨了分类学标尺及系统发育构建的前沿进展；最后，该文归纳了目前噬菌体分类技术的新进展，重点推荐了纯培养噬菌体分类的可靠流程，并讨论了培养组学、宏病毒组及原噬菌体分析手段对噬菌体分类学技术的挑战与要求。该文为噬菌体分类学技术的进一步发展提供参考。

Bacteriophages are a class of viruses that parasitize bacteria, specifically recognize, and kill them. Bacteriophages have the potential to replace antibiotics, especially in the field of food safety, addressing the threat of pan-drug-resistant pathogenic microorganisms in the era of "human-environment-food" ecological chain. Bacteriophage taxonomy is an important discipline to elucidate the evolution and development patterns among the species. In recent years, with the advancements of next-generation sequencing, culturomics and other technologies, many new technological advances and challenges have emerged in bacteriophage taxonomy. By reviewing the development of bacteriophage taxonomy, this study identified the advantages and disadvantages of commonly used taxonomy techniques. Simultaneously, the paper systematically summarizes the specific scheme of bacteriophage evolutionary taxonomy, focusing on the frontier progress of taxonomic scale and phylogenetic construction. Finally, this study summarizes the recent progress of bacteriophage taxonomic technology, specifically recommending a reliable process of pure culture bacteriophage taxonomy, and discussing the challenges and requirements of culture omics, meta-virome and bacteriophage analysis techniques of bacteriophage taxonomy. This paper provides a reference for the further progress of phage taxonomic techniques.

国家自然科学基金项目（32202194）；国家重点研发计划项目（2022YFF1100700）；广州市重点研发计划项目（SL2022B03J01243）；广东省重点研发计划项目（2022B1111040002）；广东省科学院项目（2022GDASZH-2022020402-01）