通过建立血管性痴呆大鼠模型，研究沙棘叶多糖对学习记忆能力的影响。设置假手术组、模型组、低、高剂量沙棘叶多糖组（100、200 mg/kg）及尼莫地平组（6.25 mg/kg），干预治疗28 d后检测相关指标变化。结果显示，与模型组比较，低、高剂量沙棘叶多糖组逃避潜伏期降低了24.35%、32.90%（P<0.01），目标象限停留时间增加了24.35%、51.30%（P<0.01），平台穿越次数提升了29.33%、60.58%（P<0.01），且海马组织病理形态减轻；海马组织神经元细胞凋亡率及B淋巴细胞瘤-2（Bcl-2）相关X蛋白（Bax）、半胱氨酸蛋白酶-3（Caspase-3）mRNA表达减少（P<0.01），Bcl-2 mRNA 表达增加（P<0.05，P<0.01）；海马组织谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性及核因子E2相关因子2（Nrf2）、血红素氧合酶-1（HO-1）蛋白表达增加（P<0.05，P<0.01），丙二醛（MDA）含量降低（P<0.01）。以上结果表明，沙棘叶多糖可以通过抗凋亡及抑制氧化应激发挥改善血管性痴呆大鼠学习记忆能力作用，提示其在预防和治疗血管性痴呆方面有一定的应用前景。

The effect of polysaccharides from Hippophae rhamnoides L. leaves on learning and memory ability was using a model of rats with vascular dementia. The sham operation group, model group, low-and high-dose polysaccharide from H. rhamnoides L. leaf groups (100 and 200 mg/kg), and Nimodipine group (6.25 mg/kg) were set up. The changes in related indicators were detected after 28 days of intervention. The results showed that, compared with that of the model group, the escape latency of low- and high-dose polysaccharides from H. rhamnoides L. leaf groups decreased by 24.35% and 32.90% (P<0.01), the target quadrant residence time increased by 24.35% and 51.30% (P<0.01), number of platform crossings increased by 29.33% and 60.58% (P<0.01), and pathological morphology of hippocampal tissue was alleviated, respectively. The apoptosis rate of hippocampal neurons decreased along with B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), associated X protein (Bax), and Caspase-3 mRNA expression (P<0.01). The Bcl-2 mRNA levels increased (P<0.05, P<0.01). The activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) and expression of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in the hippocampal tissue increased (P<0.05, P<0.01), while the malondialdehyde (MDA) content decreased (P<0.01). These results indicated that the polysaccharides of H. rhamnoides L. leaves had an ameliorative effect on the learning and memory abilities of rats with vascular dementia by inhibiting apoptosis and oxidative stress, suggesting their potential in the prevention and treatment of vascular dementia.

吉林省科技发展计划项目（YDZJ202201ZYTS217）