氯丙醇类化合物的污染和超标等食品安全问题引起了国内外的广泛关注。3-氯-1,2-丙二醇（3-Monochloropropane-1,2-diol, 3-MCPD）作为氯丙醇类食品污染物中最常见的代表，在酱油、植物油、婴幼儿配方奶粉、谷物食品、咖啡等多种食品中广泛存在，所以其摄入很难避免。摄入的3-MCPD经吸收后，通过血液循环分布到全身各器官和组织，从而造成健康风险。3-MCPD暴露可诱发机体产生肾毒性、肝毒性、生殖毒性、神经毒性、免疫毒性、致癌性等，但其致毒机制较为复杂，目前尚未研究清楚，其中关于3-MCPD诱导的肾毒性和生殖毒性方面研究最为广泛。该文从3-MCPD的理化性质、来源、毒代动力学、毒性及其作用机制进行综述，重点阐述了3-MCPD的毒性及其机制，以期为3-MCPD的毒性研究和控制提供依据，并为防控氯丙醇类化合物带来的食品安全问题以及健康风险评估提供参考。

Food safety issues, such as contamination and excessive chloropropanol levels, have attracted extensive attention worldwide. As the most common representative of chloropropanol food contaminants, 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) can be found in a variety of foods, such as soy sauce, vegetable oils, infant formula, cereal-based products, and coffee, rendering its intake unavoidable. Ingested and absorbed 3-MCPD residues are distributed to various organs and tissues via the body’s circulatory system, thus causing health hazards. 3-MCPD exposure elicits various toxic effects, the main ones being nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, neurotoxicity, immunotoxicity, and carcinogenicity. Although extensive research on the nephrotoxicity and reproductive toxicity of 3-MCPD has been performed, its complicated toxicity mechanisms have yet to be clearly elucidated. This review article summarizes the physicochemical properties, sources, and toxicokinetics of 3-MCPD, with a particular focus on discussing the progress in research on its toxicity and mechanisms of action. It provides a foundation for understanding the toxicity and control of 3-MCPD offering valuable references for the prevention and control of food safety problems caused by chloropropanols and assessment of their health risks.

山西省自然科学基金（202203021222231）；山西师范大学自然科学基金（020820240001/0113）；来晋优博科研经费（02010009）