昆虫及肠道微生物降解塑料的研究现状及机制分析

Plastic Degradation by Insects and Intestinal Microorganisms:Research Status and Mechanisms

摘要:

综述昆虫及肠道微生物降解塑料的研究现状及作用机制。根据目前的研究现状，考虑降解过程中多因素的影响，提出降解塑料的两种思路：思路一从现有能够降解塑料的昆虫中筛选降解率高的昆虫，从昆虫肠道分离可降解塑料的菌株，富集菌株，制作菌球，配合紫外线、pH、温度、机械粉碎、降解的基质等多因素和能够改变塑料疏水性的物质，提高塑料降解率；思路二利用NGS（Next Generation Sequencing, NGS）、气相色谱-质谱联用技术、凝胶渗透色谱仪等技术，结合蛋白质组学、代谢组学、转录组学等组学，研究昆虫及肠道微生物降解塑料的关键节点和蛋白质，降解时酶的触发机制，昆虫摄食塑料时内分泌调控机制，异源异属的微生物共协降解机制，为昆虫及肠道微生物降解塑料提供研究思路。

Abstract:

The research status and mechanisms of insect and intestinal microorganism-based plastic degradation are reviewed herein. Based on the current research status and considering the influence of multiple factors in the degradation process, two main approaches for investigating plastic degradation have been proposed: (1) Insects with high plastic-degrading rates are screened from a collection of plastic-degrading insects, and plastic-degrading bacterial strains are isolated from their intestines. The isolated bacterial strains are enriched and formed into bacterial pellets, which are subsequently used to improve plastic degradation rates in conjunction with factors affecting plastic degradation such as ultraviolet (UV) radiation, pH, temperature, mechanical comminution, degradation substrate, and hydrophobicity altering substances; (2) Next-generation sequencing (NGS), gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) used in combination with omics fields, such as proteomics, metabolomics, and transcriptomics to investigate the key nodes and proteins of insect and intestinal microorganism-based plastic degradation. Additionally, the mechanisms by which enzymes are triggered during degradation, endocrine regulation during plastic ingestion, and cooperative degradation by heterogeneous microorganisms belonging to different genera are investigated. The findings of this review serve as a reference for the future development and application of insect and intestinal microorganism-based plastic degradation.