亚临界萃取琥珀精油工艺优化及活性分析

Optimizing the Subcritical Extraction Process of Amber Essential Oil and Analysis of Its Functional Activity

摘要:

以琥珀为原料，采用亚临界流体萃取法提取琥珀精油。基于琥珀精油的得率，探究亚临界流体萃取琥珀精油的最佳工艺，通过GC-MS技术分析琥珀精油中的主要成分和相对含量，并进行体外抗氧化分析和酪氨酸酶抑制试验。结果表明，液料比2.1:1（mL:g）、萃取温度58 ℃、萃取时间51 min为最佳工艺条件，此工艺条件下精油的提取率为1.61%；GC-MS分析显示，从琥珀精油中分离出40个峰，共鉴定出30种化合物，其中单萜类化合物含量最高，主要包括对伞花烃（29.39%）、左旋龙脑（18.02%）、葑醇（8.46%）、左旋樟脑（7.12%）、桉叶油醇（6.40%）等物质，是琥珀精油独特香气的主要成分；琥珀精油清除DPPH自由基和ABTS+ 自由基的IC50 值分别为12.66 mg/mL和2.91 mg/mL，呈现较强的抗氧化活性；琥珀精油对酪氨酸酶的抑制属于非竞争性抑制，IC50值为1.13 mg/mL，其美白活性高于同等浓度的熊果苷。

Abstract:

Subcritical fluid extraction of amber essential oil was conducted using amber as the raw material. The extraction process was optimized using extraction yield as the metric. The extracted amber essential oil was subjected to GCMS analysis to determine the major chemical components and their relative contents, and also subjected to in vitro antioxidant analysis and tyrosinase inhibition tests. The results show that the optimal process conditions were a liquid-to-material ratio of 2.1:1 (mL:g), an extraction temperature of 58 ℃ , and an extraction duration of 51 min, which led to an extraction yield of 1.61%. The GC-MS analysis revealed that 40 peaks were isolated from the amber essential oil, with 30 compounds being identified. Among them, monoterpenes were the most abundant compounds, mainly comprising cymene (29.39%), (-)-borneol (18.02%), fenchol (8.46%), (-)-camphor (7.12%), and eucalyptol (6.40%), which are the main contributors to the unique aroma of amber essential oil. The amber essential oil showed strong antioxidant activity, with IC50 values of 12.66 mg/mL and 2.91 mg/mL for the scavenging of DPPH and ABTS+ radicals, respectively. The inhibition of tyrosinase by amber essential oil is noncompetitive, with an IC50 value of 1.13 mg/mL, and its whitening activity is higher than that of arbutin at the same concentration.