不同提取方法对黄精多糖理化特性和生物活性的影响

Effects of the Physicochemical Properties and Biological Activities of Polygonatum sibiricum Polysaccharides Extracted by Different Extraction Methods

摘要:

为比较不同提取方法对黄精多糖理化特性和生物活性的影响，该文以黄精根茎为原料，分别用水提法（Water Extraction，WE）、酶解法（Enzyme Extraction，EE）、超声辅助法（Ultrasonic-assisted Extraction，UE）提取黄精多糖（Polygonatum sibiricum Polysaccharides，PP），比较了不同提取方法对黄精多糖得率、化学组成、理化特性（持油力、醇溶性、吸湿性）、生物活性（抗氧化活性、α-葡萄糖甘酶抑制活性、α-淀粉酶抑制活性）、单糖组成及分子量大小的影响。结果表明：酶解法较其他两种提取方法相比，具有较高的得率（8.11%）、总糖含量（52.79%）、持油力（5.67 g/g）、吸湿率（25.28%）和重均分子量（5.343×105 g/mol）。三种提取方法得到的多糖对2,2-联氮-二（3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸）二铵盐（ABTS+）的半数抑制质量浓度IC5（0 mg/mL）分别为0.41、0.23、0.25；对1,1- 二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（DPPH）的半数抑制质量浓度IC50（mg/mL）分别为0.19、0.16、0.18；对α-葡萄糖甘酶的半数抑制质量浓度IC50（mg/mL）分别为2.14、1.98、2.06；对α-淀粉酶的半数抑制质量浓度IC50（mg/mL）分别为0.62、0.41、0.58。三种多糖均为酸性多糖，单糖组成以葡萄糖为主。通过红外光谱检测到3 种多糖均具有多糖特征官能团，电镜扫描结果呈现不同的结构特征。综上，不同提取方法对黄精多糖的理化特性、生物活性、单糖组成和微观结构的影响有差异，酶解法是一种可以提高多糖理化性质和生物活性的有效方法，黄精多糖具有一定生物活性和可开发利用价值。

Abstract:

To compare the effects of different extraction methods on the physicochemical properties and biological activities of polysaccharides extracted from Polygonatum sibiricum, the rhizomes and roots of P. sibiricum were used as raw materials and PP was extracted using water extraction (WE), enzyme extraction (EE), and ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UE) methods. This study compared the yields, chemical compositions, oil-holding capacities, alcohol solubility, hygroscopicity, antioxidant activities, the α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activities, monosaccharide compositions, and molecular weights of PP extracted using different methods. The results showed that, compared with the other two extraction methods, EE gives a higher yield (8.11%), a higher total sugar content (52.79%), greater oil-holding capacity (5.67 g/g), higher hygroscopicity (25.28%), and a higher weight-average molecular weight (5.343 × 105 g/mol). The half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of the three polysaccharides obtained against 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS+) were 0.41, 0.23, and 0.25 mg/mL, respectively. Meanwhile, the IC50 values against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl were 0.19, 0.16, and 0.18 mg/mL, respectively. The IC50 values against α-glucosidase were 2.14, 1.98, and 2.06 mg/mL, respectively, whereas those against α-amylase were 0.62, 0.41, and 0.58 mg/mL, respectively. All three polysaccharides are acidic polysaccharides, while the monosaccharides are mainly composed of glucose. Infrared spectroscopy indicated that all three polysaccharides have characteristic polysaccharide functional groups, and electron microscopy reveals different structural features. In short, different extraction methods have different effects on the physicochemical properties, biological activities, monosaccharide composition, and microstructure of polysaccharides of P. sibiricum. EE is an effective method to improve the physicochemical properties and biological activities of polysaccharides, and polysaccharides extracted from P. sibiricum have certain biological activities and development value.