九蒸九制对鸡头黄精理化性质及抗氧化性的影响

Effects of Nine Steaming-nine Drying on the Physicochemical Properties and Antioxidant Activity of Polygonatum sibiricum Red

摘要:

为了探究蒸制处理对鸡头黄精有效成分及代谢物种类和含量影响，采用低场核磁、苯酚-浓硫酸法、高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射检测法（HPLC-ELSD）和液相色谱-质谱技术（LC-MS）等对其中的水分分布、多糖含量、单糖组成和代谢产物等进行分析。结果表明，多次蒸制后，鸡头黄精结合水的含量、多糖含量逐渐降低，水提液pH值逐渐降低呈弱酸性达到4.07，还原糖、总酚、黄酮含量逐渐升高分别达到28.69%、10.02 mg/g和0.69%，抗氧化性逐渐增强，ABTS抗氧化能力在7制达到最高为0.73 mmol/L，较1制增加0.35 mmol/L，DPPH自由基清除率和FRAP值在8制达到最高分别为81.95%，1.97 mmol/L，较1制分别增加50.92%，1.72 mmol/L；同时蔗糖逐渐水解从18.53 mg/g到7.62 mg/g，葡萄糖和果糖含量提高，分别由1制0.00和11.30 mg/g，达到9制17.25和230.89 mg/g。选取一制与九制黄精进行代谢物差异分析，在正离子模式下共检测到1 310种代谢物，差异代谢物有176种（按其特性分为38类），在负离子模式下共检测到1 841种代谢物，差异代谢物有148种（按其特性分为26类）。黄精经蒸制后有效成分差异性显著，对鸡头黄精炮制加工提供科学依据。

Abstract:

To explore the effects of steaming and drying treatments on the types and content of the active ingredients and metabolites of Polygonatum sibiricum Red., low-field nuclear magnetic resonance, the phenol-sulfuric acid method, high performance liquid chromatography-evaporative light scattering detection, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry were used to analyze moisture distribution, polysaccharide content, monosaccharide composition, and metabolites. The results show that, after multiple steaming and drying treatments, the bound water and polysaccharide content decreased gradually. The pH of the aqueous extract also declined gradually, reaching 4.07 (indicating weak acidity). The reducing sugar, total phenol, and flavonoid content increased slowly to 28.69%, 10.02 mg/g, and 0.69%, respectively. The antioxidant activity also increased gradually. The ABTS scavenging activity peaked at 0.73 mmol/L after P. sibiricum was dried seven times, which was 0.35 mmol/L higher than that after drying only once. The DPPH scavenging activity and FRAP value reached maximums of 81.95% and 1.97 mmol/L, respectively, by the eighth drying treatment, which were 50.92% and 1.72 mmol/L higher, respectively, than those after drying only once. Moreover, sucrose was gradually hydrolyzed, and its content reduced from 18.53~7.62 mg/g. The glucose and fructose content increase from 0.00 and 11.30 mg/g (after the first drying treatment) to 17.25 and 230.89 mg/g, respectively (after the ninth drying treatment). Polygonatum sibiricum samples that were dried once and nine times were compared for their differential metabolites. A total of 1310 metabolites were detected in positive ion mode, and 176 of these were differential metabolites (comprising 38 categories according to their characteristics). A total of 1841 metabolites were detected in negative ion mode, and 148 of these were differential metabolites (comprising 26 categories according to their characteristics). The active components of P. sibiricum vary significantly after steaming and drying. The findings provide a scientific basis for the processing of P. sibiricum.