该研究探讨了我国不同植物源66个蜂花粉样品中8种新烟碱农药的残留情况，并根据残留结果进行普通人群膳食摄入风险评估。结果发现，样品检出率为50.0%，共检出5种新烟碱农药，包括啶虫脒、吡虫啉、噻虫嗪、噻虫胺和呋虫胺，检出率最高的为噻虫嗪（31.8%），残留浓度最高为啶虫脒（195.1 ng/g）。4种植物源的蜂花粉中新烟碱农药的残留存在显著差异：茶花粉的检出率显著高于其他3种花粉；杂花粉的残留浓度显著高于茶花粉和油菜花粉，残留浓度从高到低依次为杂花粉、荞麦粉、茶花粉、油菜花粉。来自6个主要地区的蜂花粉残留情况也有所不同，这可能跟我国不同地区和不同作物中新烟碱农药的施用情况相关。依据新烟碱农药的残留浓度进行人类膳食摄入风险评估，评估结果（风险商值均小于1%）说明蜂花粉中的新烟碱农药残留风险可接受。

In this study, the residues of 8 neonicotinoid pesticides in the bee pollen samples collected from 66 different plant sources in China were investigated, and normal human dietary intake risk of these neonicotinoids was assessed according to the residue concentrations. The results showed that the detection rate of the bee pollen samples was 50.0%. Five new neonicotinoid pesticides were detected, including acetamiprid, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, clothianidin and dinotefuran. Thiamethoxam had the highest detection rate (31.8%) and acetamiprid had the highest residual concentration (195.1 ng/g). There were significant differences in neonicotinoid residues among the bee pollen samples from four main plant sources: The detection rate of neonicotinoids in Camellia sinensis was significantly higher than the other three bee pollen samples, and the residual concentration of miscellaneous pollen was significantly higher than those from tea and oilseed, with the residue concentration decreasing in the order of miscellaneous pollen, buckwheat pollen, Camellia sinensis pollen and oilseed pollen. The residual neonicotinoids among the bee pollen samples from six major geographic regions were also different, which may be affected by the application approaches of neonicotinoid pesticides for different crops and in different regions in China. Human dietary intake risk assessment was performed according to the residual concentration of neonicotinoids. The results showed that the risk of neonicotinoid pesticide residues in bee pollen was acceptable (RQ <1%).

北京市自然科学基金资助项目（6184049）