该研究优化了顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱双质谱（Headspace Solid Phase Microextraction with Gas Chromatography Coupled to Tandem Mass Spectrometry，HS-SPME-GC-MS/MS）联用技术检测新疆库车小白杏挥发性化合物组成的方法，并基于相对香气活性值（Relative Odor Activity Value，ROAV）鉴定其关键性香气物质，对小白杏呈香属性指纹进行分析。结果表明：使用50/30 μm聚二乙烯基苯/碳吸附剂/聚二甲基硅氧烷（Divinylbenzene/Carboxen/Polydimethylsiloxane，DVB/CAR/PDMS）的萃取纤维，萃取温度为65 ℃，萃取时间为50 min时，萃取效率最高。在该条件下，共鉴定出小白杏中含有的46种挥发性物质，其中醇类物质含量最高（34.57%），其次是酯类（33.77%）和醛类物质（24.77%）。ROAV分析表明，β-紫罗兰酮、γ-癸内酯、二氢-β-紫罗兰酮、芳樟醇、月桂烯以及α-紫罗兰酮为关键香气物质（ROAV>1），赋予了小白杏浓郁的果香、花香以及木香。呈香属性指纹分析表明，与吊干杏相比，小白杏的青草香、果香、椰子香、柑橘香以及花香更为强烈，只有木香较弱。该研究确定了新疆库车小白杏中含有的关键香气成分，可为探索具有小白杏风味的产品研发提供参考依据。

Headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS/MS) was optimized to detect volatile compounds in Xinjiang Xiaobai apricots from Kuqa, Xinjiang. Key aroma compounds were identified based on relative odor activity values (ROAV) to analyze the aroma fingerprint of Xiaobai apricots. The results suggested that the optimum extraction conditions involved using a 50/30 μm extraction fiber coated with divinylbenzene/carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane (DVB/CAR/PDMS), an extraction temperature of 65 ℃, and an extraction time of 50 min. Among the 46 volatile substances detected, alcoholic compounds had the highest content (34.57%), followed by esters (33.77%), and aldehydes (24.77%). Based on the ROAV analysis, β-Ionone, γ-decalactone, dihydro-γ-ionone, linalool, β-myrcene, and α-ionone were identified as the key aroma substances (ROAV>1) responsible for the fruit, flower, and wood aromas of the apricots. In the aroma fingerprint, the fragrances of grass, fruit, coconut, citrus, and flowers of Xiaobai apricots were stronger than those of Diaogan apricots; however, the wood fragrance of Xiaobai apricots was weaker. This study identified the key aroma components in Xiaobai apricots from the Kuqa region of Xinjiang. These findings may guide the future development of Xiaobai apricot-flavored products.

国家自然科学基金资助项目（31960465）；兵团重点领域科技攻关计划项目（2020AB014）；兵团财政科技计划资助（2022DB006）；七师科技计划项目（2022B01）；石河子大学青年创新人才培育计划（CXBJ202004）