肾病患者营养素推荐之中外指南及专家共识对比

Comparison of Domestic and International Guidelines and Consensus Statements on Nutritional Recommendations for Patients with Kidney Disease

摘要:

肾脏疾病特别是慢性肾病（Chronic Kidney Disease，CKD）已成为威胁全球的公共卫生健康问题，不仅严重危害到人类健康，也带来巨大的经济和社会负担。医学营养治疗（Medical Nutritiontherapy，MNT）可延缓CKD向终末期肾病（End-Stage Renal Disease，ESRD）的进展，MNT在CKD治疗过程中具有非常重要的作用。其中，口服营养补充剂（Oral Nutritional Supplement，ONS）具有安全有效且患者依从性高等优点。当肾病患者面临经口营养摄入不足的情况，ONS是其首选人工营养方式。ONS的研发应以医学和营养学的研究结果为依据，其安全性及临床应用均需要经过科学证实。权威机构发布的指南、专家共识是ONS产品配方设计的重要依据，因此有必要对比分析中外指南和专家共识对于不同阶段肾病患者的营养素推荐，为肾病特定营养产品开发提供借鉴，推动营养相关慢性病的防治。

Abstract:

Kidney disease, especially chronic kidney disease (CKD), has become a global public health issue, seriously endangering human health and resulting in considerable economic and social burden. Medical nutrition therapy (MNT), which can delay the progression of CKD to end-stage renal disease, plays a crucial role in the treatment of CKD. Among MNT types, oral nutritional supplement (ONS) is advantageous in terms of safety, efficacy, and high patient compliance. When patients with kidney disease experience insufficient oral nutritional intake, ONS is the first choice of nutritional supplements. ONS-related research and development should be based on the results of medical and nutritional studies, and the safety and clinical application of ONS need to be scientifically verified. Guidelines and expert consensus statements issued by authoritative organizations form an important basis for the formula design of ONS products. Therefore, comparison and analysis of nutritional recommendations in domestic (i.e., Chinese) and international guidelines and consensus statements for patients at different stages of kidney disease are necessary to provide reference for the development of specific nutritional products for kidney disease and to promote the prevention and treatment of nutrition-related chronic diseases.