脂肪酸是食品质量控制中的重要指标，快速对其测定对于食品品质鉴定具有重要意义。分析脂肪酸的传统方法如色谱法及色谱质谱联用法的定量准确性较高，但前处理繁琐、费时，消耗大量有机试剂且对样品具有破坏性。近年来，我国对食品安全极为重视，高通量、无损、快速的检测方法在食品检测领域快速发展，因此，有必要对其进行总结综述。快检法如近红外光谱、核磁共振光谱及拉曼光谱与化学计量学、高光谱成像结合被广泛用于脂肪酸快速定量检测及可视化研究。直接质谱分析技术由于具有几乎无需样品前处理的特点，检测脂肪酸时在灵敏度、选择性、高通量及分析速率等方面具备很大优势。该研究介绍了脂肪酸的传统检测方法，并着重综述了光谱分析和直接质谱分析技术在食品脂肪酸检测中的应用进展，进而为食品安全检测、真伪鉴别等提供新思路。

Fatty acids are important indicators that can be used to rapidly determine food quality, which is of great significance. Traditional methods, such as chromatography and chromatography-mass spectrometry, used in the analysis of fatty acids have high quantitative accuracy. However, the required pretreatments are cumbersome, time-consuming, and destructive, and need large numbers of organic reagents. In recent years, food safety has become of great concern in China, and the rapid development of high-throughput, non-destructive, and expeditious detection methods for testing food renders it necessary to summarize novel approaches that are under development. Rapid detection methods such as near-infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy are widely combined with chemometrics and hyperspectral imaging for the rapid quantitative detection and visualization of fatty acids. Ambient mass spectrometry requires almost no sample preparation, meaning that the method has significant advantages in terms of sensitivity, selectivity, high-throughput, and speed in fatty acid detection. Both the traditional methods and the application progress of spectral analysis and ambient mass spectrometry in detecting food fatty acids are focused upon in this paper, providing new ideas for food safety detection and authenticity identification.

国家自然科学基金项目（22164002）；江西省自然科学基金项目（20212BAB20213003）