该研究利用气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）、气相色谱-嗅闻（GC-O）、气味活性值（OAV）和香气重组对花生油的特征香气成分进行评价分析。得到顶空固相微萃取最优条件为DVB/CAR/PDMS萃取头、萃取温度50 ℃、萃取时间60 min。在此条件上，在花生油中共检测出89种挥发性化合物，包括吡嗪、呋喃、醛、酚、吡咯、吡啶、酮、醇、酸、酯类等化合物。其中GC-O确定的香气活性化合物32种，结合OAV分析得到特征香气成分27种。热榨花生油和冷榨花生油中的特征香气成分分别有22、8种，共有成分为己醛、乙酸和苯甲醛。热榨花生油的特征香气成分主要为2,6-二甲基吡嗪、2,3-二甲基吡嗪、2-乙基-6-甲基吡嗪、2-乙基-5-甲基吡嗪、2,3,5-三甲基吡嗪、3-乙基-2,5-二甲基吡嗪、2-乙基-3,5-二甲基吡嗪、苯甲醛、乙酰基吡嗪、2,4-癸二烯醛、麦芽酚、甲基环戊烯醇酮、2-乙酰基吡咯、吡咯-2-甲醛、2-甲氧基-4-乙烯基苯酚。冷榨花生油特征香气成分主要为己醛、D-柠檬烯等物质。结果预期对评价花生油的品质及优化其加工工艺具有重要意义。

The characteristic aroma components of peanut oil were evaluated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O), odor activity value (OAV), and aroma recombination under the optimal conditions of headspace solid-phase microextraction: a DVB/CAR/PDMS extraction head, extraction temperature of 50 ℃, and extraction time of 60 min were used. Under these conditions, 89 volatile components were detected in peanut oil, including pyrazine, furan, aldehyde, phenol, pyrrole, pyridine, ketone, alcohol, acid, ester, and other compounds. Among these, 32 aroma active compounds were identified by GC-O, and 27 characteristic aroma components were identified by combining GC-O with OAV analysis. A total of 22 and 8 characteristic aroma components were observed in hot-pressed and cold-pressed peanut oil, respectively, with common components comprising hexanal, acetic acid, and benzaldehyde. The characteristic aroma components of hot-pressed peanut oil were mainly 2,6-dimethylpyrazine, 2,3-dimethylpyrazine, 2-ethyl-6-methylpyrazine, 2-ethyl-5-methylpyrazine, 2,3,5-trimethylpyrazine, 3-ethyl-2,5-dimethylpyrazine, 2-ethyl-3.5-dimethylpyrazine, benzaldehyde, acetylpyrazine, 2,4-decadienal, maltol, methylcyclopentenolone, 2-acetylpyrrole, pyrrole-2-carbaldehyde, and 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol, whereas those in cold-pressed peanut oil were mainly hexanal and D-limonene. The results are expected to be of great significance for evaluating the quality of peanut oil and optimizing its processing technology.

广东省科技创新专项资金（“大专项+任务清单”）项目（SDZX2021031）